Types of Anemia
What type of anemia is characterized by small, pale red blood cells?
Iron deficiency anemia (microcytic, hypochromic).
What mineral is essential for hemoglobin production?
Iron
What abnormal hemoglobin is responsible for sickle cell disease?
Hemoglobin S (HbS).
Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor?
Factor VIII.
What type of medication is commonly prescribed to manage severe pain during a sickle cell crisis?
Opioid analgesics
What type of anemia is caused by inadequate vitamin B12 absorption due to a lack of intrinsic factor?
Pernicious anemia.
What vitamin should be taken with oral iron supplements to improve iron absorption?
Vitamin C
Sickle cell disease is inherited through what genetic pattern?
Autosomal recessive.
Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor?
Factor IX.
What two common over-the-counter medications should patients with hemophilia generally avoid because they increase bleeding risk?
Aspirin and NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen.
What type of anemia occurs when the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?
Aplastic anemia.
What are two common side effects of oral iron supplementation?
Constipation and dark or black stools
Name three factors that can trigger a sickle cell crisis.
Dehydration, infection, low oxygen levels, cold exposure, and acidosis. (Any three.)
Which laboratory test is typically prolonged in a patient with hemophilia, while PT remains normal?
aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time).
What is an important nursing intervention for a patient experiencing a sickle cell crisis to help prevent further sickling?
Maintain adequate hydration.
What type of anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can replace them?
Hemolytic anemia
Best method to administer parenteral ferrous sulfate?
IM Z-track
Why is hydration important for a patient with sickle cell disease?
It decreases blood viscosity and helps prevent sickling and vaso-occlusion.
Before administering an intramuscular injection to a patient with hemophilia, what should the nurse consider?
Avoid IM injections when possible due to the risk of bleeding and hematoma formation.
What two safety measures should the nurse teach a patient with hemophilia to reduce the risk of bleeding?
Avoid contact sports and injury, use a soft toothbrush and electric razor, avoid unnecessary invasive procedures, and apply prolonged pressure after venipuncture.
A patient has fatigue, pallor, numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, and a sore tongue. Which type of anemia should the nurse suspect?
Pernicious anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency.
A patient with iron deficiency anemia asks which foods to include in their diet. Name two foods that are good sources of iron.
Red meat and dark leafy green vegetables (also beans, lentils, and fortified cereals).
A patient with sickle cell disease develops sudden unilateral weakness and difficulty speaking. What complication should the nurse suspect?
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident)
A woman is a carrier for hemophilia A, and the father does not have hemophilia. What is the probability that a son will have hemophilia?
50%
A patient with hemophilia reports a sudden severe headache and vomiting after bumping their head. What complication should the nurse suspect?
Intracranial hemorrhage.