Skill Acquisition and Reinforcement
definition of the skill, teaching procedures, materials and reinforcers, prompting used, error correction, data collection, mastery criteria, and generalization and maintenance plan
should be included in the skill acquisition plans
Describe the relationship between a particular behavior and the reinforcers used to strengthen or increase a behavior.
Contingencies of Reinforcement
Dolly gives Toby a token every 5 pages he reads independently. The number of pages he reads to earn the 1 token do not vary.
Fixed Ratio Schedule of R+
SD/instruction, learner's response, consequence
DTT
the learner has some steps but not all of them. the BT only supports steps that the learner hasn't mastered. (prompts are only used as needed)
total task chaining procedure
reading through the skill acquisition plan, review targets, review materials needed, prepare stimuli, reinforcers, etc., prepare data collection, and read supervision notes by the BCBA
preparing for a session
Daniel gets a carrot every time he asks for one using his PECS.
Continuous Reinforcement
Ben checks his instagram account frequently to see how many hearts his most recent reel received.
Variable interval schedule of R+
DTT
the learner can complete the first step independently. then the BT prompts the rest of the steps of the chain.
Most effective reinforcement when teaching a new behavior
continuous reinforcement
Nick is learning how to tie his shoes. He receives praise as a reinforcer. Sometimes he gets praise when he ties his shoes independently, and other times he doesnt.
Intermittent Reinforcement
True or False: In Fixed interval schedule Reinforcement only becomes available to be delivered and would only be given if the target behavior is emitted at some stage after the time interval has ended.
True
Teaching that occurs in the learner's natural environment, home, community, stores, restaurants
Naturalistic teaching
Backward chaining
various partial reinforcement schedule are available to suit individual needs
partial reinforcement
Things that are necessary for survival are what type of reinforcers?
Primary or Unconditioned Reinforcers
studying for finals; there's significant pauses after reinforcement is delivered.
fixed interval schedule of reinforcement
A procedure for breaking down a complex task into small, individual components
Task analysis
the client might independently get their toothbrush and toothpaste and open the toothpaste. Then, the therapist prompts them to wet the brush. Next, they independently start brushing, with prompts along the way on the remaining steps as needed.
total task chaining
Schedules of reinforcement
Fixed interval, Fixed Ratio, Variable interval, variable ratio
Reinforcers that become reinforcing by pairing with other reinforcers, For example books, money, tokens in a token economy
Conditioned or secondary reinforcers
Mrs. Linwood loves to play the scratch offs/scratchers at the convenience store near her home
variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
True or False: you can teach complex skills through chaining procedures after completing the task analysis
true
the learner would get the toothbrush independently, followed by the therapist prompting the remaining steps. Once the learner mastered getting the toothbrush, they would add another step in (i.e., getting the toothpaste) that the learner would do independently. This would continue until the learner masters all steps of the chain without any prompting.
forward chaining