Measurement
What is frequency?
Frequency is the number of times a behavior occurs within a specific time period
What is a paired stimulus preference assessment?
Two items are presented, and the client chooses one. The items are ranked based on preference.
What is prompt fading?
Gradually removing prompts so the client can perform the behavior independently.
What is extinction?
Extinction is the process of stopping the reinforcement that maintains a behavior, leading to a decrease in that behavior.
Whats the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring, while punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring.
What does duration measure?
Duration measures how long a behavior lasts from start to finish.
What does ABC data assess?
ABC data collection assesses the antecedent (what happens before), behavior (what the client does), and consequence (what happens after the behavior) to help determine the function of the behavior.
Define task analysis
Breaking down a complex task into smaller, teachable steps.
What is differential reinforcement of alternative behavior?
Reinforcing an appropriate alternative behavior while withholding reinforcement for a problem behavior.
What is positive reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement occurs when a stimulus is added following a behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior happening again.
What is partial interval recording?
This is a method where you record if a behavior occurred at any time during the interval.
What is baseline data?
Baseline data is the initial measurement of a behavior before any interventions are implemented. It is important because it provides a starting point to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.
Define shaping
Shaping is a process where successive approximations of a target behavior are reinforced until the final desired behavior is achieved.
What is response cost?
Response cost is a punishment procedure where a preferred item or privilege is taken away following a problem behavior.
What is automatic reinforcement?
Automatic reinforcement occurs when the behavior itself provides reinforcement without the involvement of another person (e.g., self-stimulatory behaviors).
Define momentary time sampling
Behavior is recorded if it occurs at the exact moment the interval ends.
What's the difference between direct and indirect assessments?
Direct assessments involve observing and recording behavior as it happens, while indirect assessments involve gathering information through interviews, questionnaires, or rating scales without direct observation.
Define stimulus control transfer
Gradually transferring control from prompts to natural cues in the environment.
Whats extinction burst?
An extinction burst is a temporary increase in the frequency or intensity of a behavior after reinforcement has been removed, before the behavior eventually decreases.
Whats a conditioned reinforcer?
A conditioned reinforcer is a previously neutral stimulus that has become reinforcing by being paired with an unconditioned or other conditioned reinforcer (e.g., tokens or money).
What does permanent product recording involve?
It involves measuring the outcome or the physical product of a behavior (e.g., number of completed assignments).
Name 5 types of preference assessments
1)Free operant
2)Single Stimulus
3)Paired Stimulus
4)Multiple stimulus without replacement
5)Multiple stimulus with replacement
Whats the difference between forward and backward chaining?
In forward chaining, the first step of a task is taught first, and each subsequent step is added once mastery is achieved. In backward chaining, the last step is taught first, and steps are added in reverse order.
Whats the difference between DRA and DRI?
DRA reinforces an alternative behavior that serves the same function as the problem behavior, while DRI reinforces a behavior that is physically incompatible with the problem behavior.
What is intermittent reinforcement?
Intermittent reinforcement occurs when a behavior is reinforced only some of the time, not after every occurrence.