ABG
What is the normal bicarb range?
22-26
What is the simplest level of infection control based on the recognition that all blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions may contain transmissible infections agents?
Standard precautions
What spoon-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing?
Epiglottis
What is a common site for misplacement of endotracheal tubes during emergency intubation?
esophagus
What is the term for the uppermost portion of the upright lung?
Apex
Interpret this ABG:
pH 7.34
PaCO2 40
HCO3 21
PaO2
UCMAC with moderate hypoxemia
What is the most common route of pathogen transmission in the hospital setting?
Indirect contact transmission
How many ribs are identified as true ribs, attached directly to the sternum?
What position is used to open the airway in an unconscious patient?
Sniff position
What is the term for the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura?
pleural cavity
What is an alternate term for acute alveolar hyperventilation?
Respiratory alkalosis
Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission involving fomites?
A. Use of a sterile needle on a PNA pt
B. Using a dirty laryngoscope blade on another pt
C. Drinking tap water
D. Inhaling TB in the ER
B
Which laryngeal cartilage is shaped like a signet ring and forms a large portion of the posterior laryngeal wall?
A. Epiglottis
B. Cricoid
C. C shaped rings
B
A patients P (A-a) O2 value is 150 mm Hg. How would you interpret this?
Larger than normal difference
Which sequence represents one respiratory cycle?
I. Inspiration, expiration
II. Inspiration, end-inspiration, expiration, and end-expiration
III. Expiration, end-expiration, inspiration, end-inspiration
IV. End-inspiration, inspiration, end-expiration, expiration
II
How does the body correct for alveolar hyperventilation?
Metabolic acidosis (lowering bicarb)
Which of the following is the most common source of patient infections?
A. Large volume nebulizers
B. small volume nebulizers
C. Oxygen therapy devices
Because they produce aerosols capable of spreading pathogenic microbes, large volume (Jet) nebulizers remain one of the most common types of respiratory equipment linked to HAI’s.
At what level in the tracheobronchial tree are cilia completely absent?
Respiratory Bronchioles
Which of the following can cause acute ventilatory failure?
I. Guillian-Barre syndrome
II. General anesthesia
III. Head trauma
IV. Myasthenia gravis
ALL
Which alveolar cells are considered to be the source of pulmonary surfactant?
Type II
When acute ventilatory failure is present, how would your values look? (high/low/normal?)
PCO2 above normal range
pH below normal range
HCO3- within normal range
Which of the following diseases are transmitted primarily by airborne transmission?
1. Tuberculosis
2. Measles
3. Smallpox
4. Viral hemorrhagic fever
1, 2, and 3 only
What is the term for the cartilaginous airways?
A. Respiratory Unit
B. Acinus
C. Conducting zone
D. Tracheobronchial tree
C
How do obstructive lung diseases that cause air trapping affect lung compliance?
Lung compliance is increased in the presence of obstructive lung diseases that cause air trapping and hyperinflation.
At sea level under standard conditions, what would the PB equal in mm Hg ?
760 mmHg