Definitions
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is called:
pleural effusion
indications for the use of acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Treatment of acetaminophen overdose
Treatment of excessive, viscous mucus secretions
Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would you recommend for a hypoxemic patient with congestive heart failure?
CPAP
Indications for artificial airway
Facilitate suctioning
prevent/relieve upper airway obstructuction
mech vent
protect lower airways
What is the average distance from the tip of a properly positioned oral endotracheal tube to the incisors of an adult man?
21 to 23 cm
Crackles
breath sounds are usually heard at the end of inspiration and can be described as fine, medium, or coarse.
aerosolized antiinfective agents are
Pentamidine
Ribavirin
Tobramycin
Which of the following are considered the main goals of mechanical ventilator support?
Protection
Safety
Comfort
Proper suction pressures for peds
100-120 mm hg
What is the purpose of the additional side port (Murphy eye) on most modern endotracheal tubes?
Ensure gas flow if the main port is blocked.
Bronchiectasis characterized by progressive, distal enlargement of the airways, resulting in sac-like dilatations is classified as
cystic bronchiectasis.
side effects of beta-2-selective bronchodilators are
Tremor
Insomnia
Headache
A patient with a tracheostomy tube is receiving positive-pressure ventilation through a volume ventilator. Over the past 5 min, the peak inspiratory pressure has risen, and the pressure limit alarm is now sounding. On quick examination, you notice a generalized decreased in breath sounds. Which of the following problems is most likely?
Partial obstruction of the tracheostomy tube
An adult patient receiving cool mist therapy after extubation begins to develop stridor. Which of the following actions would you recommend?
Administer a racemic epinephrine treatment.
What is the purpose of the pilot balloon on an endotracheal or a tracheostomy tube?
To monitor cuff status and pressure
condition characterized by having ascending paralysis secondary to destruction of the myelin sheath
Guillian Barré
What beta-2 agonist is associated with 12 to 24 hr of bronchodilation?
Salmeterol
What are strategies is useful in the mechanical ventilation of a patient in status asthmaticus
Permissive hypercapnia and small volumes
After determining a patient has a complete obstruction of an oral endotracheal tube, your efforts to relieve the obstruction by moving the patient’s head and neck and deflating the cuff both fail. What should be your next step?
Immediately remove the airway.
Compared with the oral route, the advantages of nasal intubation include what
Less retching and gagging
Less accidental extubation
Greater long-term comfort
destruction of alveolar walls without fibrosis.
emphysema
A side effect associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids
oral candidiasis
What mode of mechanical ventilation is designed to increase the mean airway pressure to allow recruitment of alveoli while allowing the patient to spontaneously breathe?
Airway pressure-release ventilation
When using capnometry or colorimetry to differentiate esophageal from tracheal placement of an endotracheal tube, what condition can result in a false-negative finding (i.e., no CO2 present even when the tube is in the trachea)?
Cardiac arrest
An adult man has just been intubated with a 7-mm ett equipped with a high-residual-volume, low-pressure cuff. When sealing the cuff to achieve a minimal occluding volume, you note a cuff pressure of 45 cm H2O. What is most likely the problem?
The tube c is too small for the patient.