1
PEEP/CPAP/EPAP and IPPB increase the transalveolar pressure gradien in this way.
Increase alveolar pressure
Barotrauma and gastric distention are complications associated with this tx.
Any PAP delivery (IPPB, CPAP)
Trauma to the lungs caused by pressure defines this term.
Barotrauma
Improved PaO2, decreased RR, improved CXR, resolved breath sounds, increased FVC are outcomes related to this tx.
Any lung expansion therapy that has improved or corrected atelectasis
Pain affects breathing in this way.
It results is shallow respirations.
These are the two types of IS devices.
This is proper technique for performing IS.
exhale, inhale slow and deep, hold for 5-10 sec
Common causes of atelectasis include these factors.
Neuromuscular disorders, heavy sedation, abdominal/thoracic pain/surgery, surgery in a pt with lung disease.
As atelectasis worsens, it directly affects respirations in this way.
Respirations increase (tachypnea)
IS is the preferred method for lung expansion for this reason.
It is most similar to physiologic lung expansion.
Increasing this pressure gradient aids in lung expansion.
Transalveolar
Postop atelectasis is caused by this.
Repeated shallow breathing (anesthesia induced)
These types of tx increase alveolar pressure.
PAP (IPPB, CPAP, PEP, flutter)
Hyperventilation from using an IS may cause these symptoms.
Opacities on CXR (chest x-ray), increased RR, crackles or diminished breath sounds, and increased HR indicate this problem.
Atelectasis
Slow, diaphragmatic breathing is essential for this tx.
IS
This best defines the application of IPPB.
Short-term application of inspiratory positive pressure to a spontaneously breathing pt
Changes in these two pressures affect transalveolar pressure.
alveolar (increase), pleural (decrease)
Surgical pts should receive IS education/training during this portion of their care.
Preop
Hemodynamic instability, hypoventilation, facial trauma, nausea, and increased ICP (intracranial press) are contraindications for this tx.
CPAP
These are contraindications for IS.
VC < 10, uncooperative, unable to follow directions, unconscious
Respiratory alkalosis is caused by this type of breathing.
Hyperventilation
Barotrauma, fatigue, and hyperventilation are common complications of this tx.
IS
An uncooperative pt that cannot follow directions would not be a candidate for this therapy.
IS, PEP, flutter
Compression atelectasis is primarily caused by this.
Decreased Vt (tidal volume)