Ch 1
This is known as the study of drug origin, properties, and interactions with living organisms.
What is pharmacology
The phase in which a medication is made available to the body.
What is administration
The use of this device helps improve deposition and ease difficulty with coordination when using a MDI.
What is an anti-static chamber/spacer
The brain and the spinal cord comprise this portion of The Nervous System.
What is the Central Nervous System
The number of teaspoons equivalent to 10 milliliters.
What is 2 teaspoons
The receptors primarily found in the lungs.
What are Beta-2 receptors
When an adrenergic bronchodilator alone is insufficient in treatment of bronchospasm, this type of bronchodilator can be recommended to accompany it.
What is an anticholinergic bronchodilator
The latin abbreviation prn means this
What is as needed
The main organ responsible for metabolism of drugs.
What is the liver
This is known as a suspension of solid or liquid particles carried by a gas.
What is an aerosol
The two branches of the Autonomic Nervous System.
What are the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems
When given a drug dosage in Xmg/ml and you need to convert to percentage strength, an easy rule to remember suggests you do this.
What is move the decimal one point to the left
(For example: 25 mg/ml is equivalent to 2.5% percentage strength)
The primary rescue drug used for bronchoconstriction.
What is Albuterol
The drug of choice to prevent the cholinergic response causing bronchoconstriction.
What is Atrovent (Ipratroprium Bromide)
The latin abbreviation q4h means this (1), whereas the latin abbreviation qid means this (2).
What is every 4 hours (1), and what is four times daily (2)
The main organ responsible for excretion of drugs.
What is the kidneys
Difficulty coordinating, poor mixing of propellant, not holding your breath long enough, or simply being released too quickly are common complications with this drug aerosol device.
What is a metered dose inhaler (MDI)
A medication that ends in this suffix tends to inhibit/block an action (1), whereas a medication that ends in this suffix tends to promote/stimulates an action (2).
What is a -lytic drug (1), and what is a - mimetic drug (2)
When given a drug dosage in percentage strength and you need to convert to Xmg/ml, an easy rule to remember suggests you do this.
What is move the decimal one point to the right
(For example: 2.5% is equivalent to 25 mg/ml)
A patient in distress who needs a fast- acting bronchodilator should receive this type of drug.
What is a rescue drug
This medication causes direct cholinergic stimulation, and is often used in assessment of airway reactivity.
What is methacholine
The latin abbreviation gtt means this (1), whereas the latin abbreviation npo means this (2).
What is (1) drop, and what is (2) nothing by mouth
A patient who experiences a decreased intensity of a drug over a period of time has developed this.
What is tolerance
When using this device, you must inhale quickly at rates of 30-90 L/min.
What is a Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)
Cholinergic refers to this branch of the Autonomic Nervous System
What is Parasympathetic Nervous System
The unit of measurement per the International System of Units for mass is this (1), whereas for volume it is this (2).
What is (1) grams, and what is (2) liters
A patient who uses their albuterol inhaler multiple times in one day and is having trouble managing their reactive airway disease should additionally receive this type of drug.
What is a long acting/maintenance drug
Activation of atrovent in the eye may cause this
What is pupil dilation (mydriasis)
Drugs available to the public without a prescription.
What are over-the-counter drugs
Meaning "besides the intestine," including Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous (SC), Intrathecal (IT), and Intraosseous (IO) administration.
What is parenteral
Very minimal coordination, the ability to mix several drugs, and normal breathing pattern throughout the use of it are good advantages to this device.
What is a Small Volume Nebulizer (SVN)
Voluntary control of skeletal smooth muscle occurs via this portion of The Nervous System.
What is the Somatic portion of The Nervous System
100mg/10 ml is this percentage strength of the medication.
What is 1%
A sympathomimetic drug tends to do this to the heart rate.
What is it increases it
Ipratroprium Bromide has this effect on the cardiovascular system.
What is little to no effect
The written order for a drug, along with any specific instructions, and is usually formatted in 6 different parts.
What is a prescription
The measurement of how quickly a drug is eliminated from the body.
What is plasma half-life (T 1/2)
A (1)____ device may be used for administration of Ribavirin, whereas a (2)__________ may be used for administration of Pentamidine.
What is a (1) SPAG, and what is a (2) Respirgard
This neuron senses a stimulant (1), whereas this neuron sends signals to respond to it (2).
What is an (1) afferent neuron, and what is an (2) efferent neuron
You have a 0.8 mg/ml medication available, and an ordered dosage of 5 mg. This is the amount of the drug necessary for administration.
What is 6.25 mL
(1) This ultra short acting beta agonist actually stimulates (2) these receptors
What is (1) Racemic Epinephrine stimulates the (2) the alpha, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors
This anticholinergic drug is available as a unit dose dry powder inhaler.
What is Tiotroprium Bromide (Spiriva)
This type of agent is central to respiratory care in pulmonary diseases.
What are aerosolized agents
Several things like efficient delivery devices and reservoir accessories for MDIs help improve this.
What is the Lung Availability/Total Systemic Availability Ratio (L/T Ratio)
If no spacer is available for administration of an MDI, this technique can be suggested.
What is the two-finger technique that creates 1-inch distance from the open mout
A drug that binds to its corresponding receptor to CAUSE a response
What is an agonist drug
A patient requiring 15 mg of medication of a drug available as 20 mg/30 ml will require this many milliliters of the medication.
What is 22.5 mL of medication
Formoterol is a good example of this type of beta agonist drug.
What is a long acting beta agonist (LABA)
The receptors found on the Parasympathetic Nervous System are blocked with anticholinergics, and therefore they can be referred to as this type of drug.
What is an antimuscarinic agent
This is a drug or biologic product for the diagnosis or treatment of a rare disease.
What is an orphan drug
800
In essence, this (1) describes what the body does to a drug, and this (2) describes that the drug does to the body.
What is (1) pharmacokinetics, and what is (2) pharmacodynamics
Particles that are 5-10 microns in size tend to deposit here (1), whereas particles 2-5 microns in size tend to deposit here (2).
Where is in the (1) upper airways, and where is in the (2) lower airways
This enzyme inactivates acetylcholine
What is cholinesterase
The percentage strength of a medication available as 120mg/100ml
What is .12%
This indicates that the larger the side-chain attachment to a catechol base, the greater the b2 specificity
What is the Keyhole Theory
These anticholinergics are known as quarternary ammonium compounds.
What is Ipratroprium Bromide and Tiotroprium Bromide
The third and final stage of Investigational New Drug (IND) Approval.
What is the drug is investigated in large, multi-center studies to establish efficacy and safety
Two different drugs (each with its own mechanism of action) like Albuterol and Ipratroprium Bromide are administered to a patient in an attempt to offer the greatest relief of bronchoconstriction is known as this.
What is syngergism
The corrugated tubing on the end of a small volume nebulizer (SVN) acts as this component.
What is a reservoir
The neurotransmitter released from
postganglionic nerve endings in the Parasympathetic Nervous System is (1), whereas the neurotransmitter released from postganglionic nerve endings in the Sympathetic Nervous System is (2).
What is (1) Acetylcholine, and what is (2) Norepinephrine
The dosage of medication necessary for a medication available as 0.5mg/kg for a 200 lb male.
What is 45 mg
Levalbuterol differs from Albuterol due to this change in chemical composition.
What is its Single (R)-Isomer
The receptors found specifically on smooth muscle airways that an anticholinergic drug blocks.
What are M3 receptors
The four text-cited official sources of drug information.
What are the 1) USP-NF, 2) Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR), 3) Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, and 4) Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
Drugs administered via oral/nasal inhalation tend to have these 4 benefits.
1) Doses are smaller 2) Side effects are fewer and less severe 3) Onset of action is rapid 4) administration is typically painless
The three physical mechanisms considered responsible for aerosol particle deposition in the human lung.
What is 1) Inertial Impaction, 2) Gravitational Settling, and 3) Diffusion
These receptor types are found on peripheral blood vessels (1), these found in the heart (2), and these found in bronchial smooth muscle and cardiac muscle (3).
What is (1) alpha 1, (2) beta 1, and (3) beta 2 receptors.
Albuterol is ordered by the physician to be administered continuously over 3 hours. Total dose is 50 mg. The RCP only has the unit dose vial 2.5mg/3mL Albuterol available. (1) How many vials of Albuterol are needed? (2) What is the total volume amount if the nebulizer output is 20 ml/hr? (3) What is the total volume of Albuterol? (4) What is the total volume of normal saline needed?
(1) 20 vials (2) 60 milliliters (3) 60 milliliters (4) none!
A patient with post-extubation stridor would benefit from this drug (1) due to its ability to induce this effect (2)
What is racemic epinephrine (1), and what is vasoconstriction (2)
Excessive cholinergic stimulation tends to result in these 7 responses (SLUD counts as 4 of the responses).
1) Bronchoconstriction, 2) Decreased Heart Rate, 3) Mucus Retention, 4) Salivation, 5) Lacrimation, 6) Urination, and 7) Defecation