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What is ethos?
Establishing credibility. Ethos is when a speaker or writer appeals to their authority as a means of persuasion.
Define pathos.
Pathos is the act of evoking emotions in the audience or readers in order to persuade.
Logos is what?
Logos is the act of appealing to the logic of the audience or readers
What is bandwagon?
assumes something is true/right/good because other people think it
Define oxymoron.
A combination of contradictory or incongruous words.
"I will end this war in Iraq responsibly, and finish the fight against al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan. I will rebuild our military to meet future conflicts. But I will also renew the tough, direct diplomacy that can prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons and curb Russian aggression. I will build new partnerships to defeat the threats of the 21st century:terrorism and nuclear proliferation; poverty and genocide; climate change and disease. And I will restore our moral standing, so that America is once again that last, best hope for all who are called to the cause of freedom, who long for lives of peace, and who yearn for a better future." - Democratic Presidential Candidate Acceptance Speech by Barack Obama. August 28th, 2008.
Ethos, Pathos, Logos?
Ethos
We think this new MallTime game app will be a success because all little girls like shopping.
Which logical fallacy?
Hasty generalization
If you don't say the pledge, then you must be a traitor.
Which logical fallacy?
Either/Or
What is apophasis?
The raising of an issue by claiming not to mention it.
What is pleonasm?
The use of more words than those necessary to denote mere sense; redundancy.
What is fallacy of sunk cost?
“Sunk cost” is an economic term for any past expenses that can no longer be recovered.
We think that we should continue with a task or project because of all that we’ve put into it, without considering the future costs we’re likely to incur by doing so.
"Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: we have not only the fingerprints, the lack of an alibi, a clear motive, and an expressed desire to commit the robbery… We also have video of the suspect breaking in. The case could not be more open and shut."
Ethos, Pathos, Logos?
Logos
"I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations.Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering.Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed." - I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Jr. August 28th, 1963
Ethos, PAthos, Logos?
Pathos
Medical expenses for the elderly continue to rise. If you don't buy long-term healthcare insurance now, you probably won't be able to qualify once you're older.
Which logical fallacy?
Scare tactic
If I don't take this A.P. class, then I won't do well on the exam. If I don't do well on the exam, I won't be able to get into a good college. If I don't get into a good college, I will never get a good job...I guess I'll sign up for the A.P. class.
Which logical fallacy?
Slippery slope
"Research compiled by analysts from NASA, as well as organizations from five other nations with space programs, suggests that a moon colony is viable with international support."
Ethos, Pathos, Logos?
Ethos or Logos
My grandmother ate 10 cloves of garlic every day. Not surprisingly, she lived to be 102.
Which logical fallacy?
faulty casualty
What is Ad Hominem?
insult used as an argument or evidence
What is a red herring?
distraction from the argument that seems relevant but is actually off-topic
Provide an example of apophasis.
We don't talk about fight club.
We won't talk about his past crimes.
What is Appeal to authority?
misuse of authority
EX: using a foot doctor as a credible source for something about psychiatry
"false dilemma"; presents only two options/sides but there are actually more
What is slipper slope fallacy?
suggests ridiculous outcomes when evidence doesn't show it
What is hasty generalization fallacy?
statement without evidence to support; rushing to a conclusion which leads to stereotyping, exaggeration, and illicit assumption
what is appeal to pity fallacy?
emotional manipulation; appeals to the sensitivity of others