Pediatrics
_______ or the development of atherosclerotic plaque within the vascular wall that restricts blood flow and increases risk of infarct, can begin to appear in the first decade of life.
What is atherosclerosis
GLP-1 increases sensitivity to glucose in this insulin-producing organ.
What is the pancreas?
When considering a CKD diet, it’s important to note that foods that are often high in protein and calcium (such as dairy foods) are also high in this restricted nutrient
What is Phosphorus?
Which of the following is NOT a direct operating expense?
(Menus, Glassware, Uniforms, Electricity)
What is electricity?
(Indirect operating cost)
Calculate the total protein needs (grams/day) for a 95YO female patient in your LTC facility with an open pressure ulcer. The patient is 5’4” and weighs 109 pounds.
64 - 74 g/day (1.3 - 1.5 g/kg)
A premature baby may have an increased need for this micronutrient due to a more rapid growth rate.
Hint: This micronutrient is used in the body for DNA and cell replication. It's found in dark leafy greens&often supplemented in pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects.
What is folate?
______ Nitrogen balance is when the amount of N excreted is greater than amount ingested. This occurs during catabolism, acute stress, or inadequate intake.
(Positive or Negative)
What is negative?
*PHOTO
Azotemia is the buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood, while uremia is the buildup of ________ in the blood.
What is urea?
the most effective marketing strategy to reach the largest number of consumers.
(advertising in a magazine, a daily newspaper, or telemarketing)
What is advertising in a daily newspaper?
Which of the following is a sign/symptom to detect bulimia?
a. excessive weight gain
b. low serum albumin
c. sore throat and tooth decay
d. excessive weight loss
What is sore throat and tooth decay?
Remember that with bulimia, patients' weight tend to remain pretty stable and within a healthy/normal range (binge/purge) as opposed to observations of severe weight changes.
A pediatric patient is diagnosed with H. pylori, a common stomach infection in children. As a result, he has developed gastric ulcers which have been slowy bleeding to the point that he has now developed this common blood condition,even though he's not iron deficient!
What is anemia?
Watch the following video. Which of the following enzymes is NOT responsible for protein digestion within the small intestine.
a. Pepsinogen
b. Trypsin
c. Elastase
d. Procarboxypeptidases
What is pepsinogen
The kidneys respond to alkalosis by reducing the amount of ________ reabsorbed.
(Bicarbonate or H+ ions)
What is bicarbonate?
A cafeteria seats 80 customers. Lunch runs from 11:15 AM to 1:00 PM. Turnover is 2.5 customers/hour. How many can be served during those hours?
What is 350 customers?
80 customers x 2.5 customers per hour x 1.75 hours = 350
You've delivered nutrition education to a patient and want to monitor and evaluate the patient's APPLICATION of that knowledge. Which of the following will best measure application?
A. Scale of 1-10 readiness to change
B. Pre- and post-test following education
C. 24h recall
What is 24h recall?
Scale/Readiness to change can assess motivation; tests can measure knowledge; 24h recall measures if they APPLY the knowledge
Deficiency in this nutrient can cause short stature or stunting in children.
Hint: good sources of this nutrient include meat, dairy, nuts/legumes, and fortified cereals.
What is Zinc?
As the chyme enters the duodenum from the stomach, the hormone ______ helps to stimulate the intestinal cells and initiate segmentation in the duodenum.
(leptin, gastrin, or pepsinogen)
What is gastrin?
The hormone ________ stimulates conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin II which in turn stimulates the release of aldosterone to ultimately stimulate the kidneys to retain Na+.
Hint: This is referred to as the RAAS.
What is Renin?
How many meals were served per labor minute if 28 FTE produced 3,150 meals in one 40 hour week?
What is 0.05?
28 FTE x 40 hours/FTE x 60 min/hr = 67,200 labor minutes
3,150 meals / 67,200 labor minutes = 0.0468 = ~0.05
Cyclosporine therapy is an immunosuppressant drug often used to reduce the likelihood of the body rejecting a transplant. A common effect of this drug is cyclosporine-induced ___________, or high blood pressure
What is hypertension?
A child drinking large amounts of juice throughout the day and little milk or water is most at risk for: (dehydration, diarrhea, or constipation)
What is diarrhea?
Excessive carb intake, specifically simple carbs, can move through the GI tract very quickly, leaving some carbs undigested and causing diarrhea.
In the liver, ethanol is metabolized to _____ that is then converted to ________.
What are acetylaldehyde and acetate?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted from the parathyroid glands when serum calcium levels are low. PTH works to raise serum calcium levels by 3 different mechanisms. Describe one of these mechanism.
1. Pulling calcium from the bone
2. Decreasing excretion of calcium in urine
3. Stimulates activation of vitamin D (in the kidneys), increasing absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
**PHOTO
What is the gross food cost for June using the following information? June 1 inventory = $5600; July 1 inventory = $3000; Food purchases - month of June = $3400
Beginning inventory ($5600) minus ending inventory ($3000) + purchases ($3400) = $6000
A client consumes 2100 calories in 24 hours. 1100 of these calories are from CHO, and her protein intake is 70 grams. How many grams of fat has she consumed?
What is 80g?