Vocab
What is a Chemical reaction?
A process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances.
What are acids?
Compounds that break up in water to give off H+(Hydrogen) ions.
List three examples of chemical changes.
Burning, rusting, decomposing
Describe the characteristics of the chemical reaction, synthesis.
Synthesis: 2 or more reactants form 1 product
What does Exergonic mean?
What does Exothermic mean?
Exergonic is a chemical reaction that releases energy.
Exothermic is a chemical reaction that releases energy as heat.
What are Reactants?
starting substances
What are bases?
Compounds that form OH- (Hydroxide) ions; accept H+ (Hydrogen) ions.
Explain the Law of Conservation of Mass and how it relates to the amount of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
Matter cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes forms.
The amount of reactants you start with should equal the amount of products you end with.
Describe the characteristics of the chemical reaction, decomposition.
Decomposition: 1 reactant breaks down into 2 or more products
What does Endergonic mean?
What does Endothermic mean?
Endergonic is a chemical reaction that absorbs energy.
Endothermic is a chemical reaction that absorbs energy as heat.
What are products?
substances that are formed
What are Electrolytes?
They are compounds that break apart in water, producing charged particles (ions) that can conduct electricity.
What numbers can be changed to balance a chemical reaction? What numbers cannot be changed?
Coefficients can be changed, subscripts cannot
Describe the characteristics of the chemical reaction, combustion.
Combustion: Something is burned; O2 is always a reactant; CO2 and H2O are always products
What is Reaction rate?
How quickly a reaction takes place
Aqueous
Dissolved in water
What is pH?
A measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration.
List three examples of evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred.
Ex. Release of light, sudden color change, formation of a precipitate, odor change, temperature change, gas given off
Describe the characteristics of the chemical reaction, Single Replacement.
Single Replacement: 1 element reacts with 1 compound and swaps, making 1 new compound and 1 new element (like elements switch)
Describe 3 factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions.
Temperature: increasing temp. increases rate, more kinetic energy, thus particles collide more.
Concentration: increasing concentration, increases rate, more tightly packed thus particles collide more.
Surface Area: increasing surface area, increases rate, smaller particles have more surface area and room for particles to collide.
What is a Precipitate?
An insoluble compound that comes out of solution.
You will have to be able to balance reactions/Equations for the test.
You will have to be able to balance reactions/Equations for the test.
List the number of atoms of each element in the compound below-
6NaCl
6 Sodium, 6 Chlorine
Describe the characteristics of the chemical reaction, Double Replacement.
Double Replacement: 2 compounds react to form 2 new compounds (swapping partners); forms a precipitate
Describe 2 factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions.
Catalysts: substances that increase the rate by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
Pressure: (in gases) increasing pressure, increases rate, smaller volume causing particles to collide more.