Reactions
Can a 3° alcohol be oxidized into a carbonyl?
No.
Give examples of where a solvent is used.
In paints, coatings, cleaning products, and pharmaceutical formulations.
What greenhouse gas is released in combustion?
Carbon dioxide.
Oxidation of what reactant results in an aldehyde?
1° Alcohol.
Polar.
Describe a hydrogenation reaction.
Chemical reaction involving addition of hydrogen and removal of the C=O bond.
What is lactic acid used for (not in the body)?
It is a flavouring and a food preservative.
Does soot have a negative or positive impact on the environment?
Negative. Increases global warning.
Hydrogenation of what reactant results in a 2° alcohol?
Ketone.
Can a carbonyl have a hydrogen bond with another?
No.
What is combustion?
A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance burns in the presence of oxygen, releasing heat and light.
What do plastisizers do, and what is one thing used in their production?
Plastisizers are added to plastics to improve the flexibility, durability, and performance of plastic. Butanol is used in their production.
How can plasticizers negatively impact the environment?
Their chemicals leech into the soil and the groudwater.
What product with no carbon is produced with the oxidation reaction?
Water.
Can a carbonyl have a hydrogen bond with water?
Yes.
Temperature and pressure.
What medical uses do some products of oxidation have?
Ethanol can be used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
What is a disease caused by food additives?
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Type 2-Diabetes
Liver disease
What reactants are needed for hydrogenation that forms a ketone?
2° alcohol and 2H.
Is the boiling point of a carbonyl higher or lower than an alcohol with the same number of carbons?
Lower.
Why do ketones act differently compared to aldehydes with oxidizing agents?
This is due to the position of the carbonyl group.
How can aldehyde hydrogenation be used to increase octane ratings and reduce carbon monoxide emissions?
Creates ethanol which is commonly blended with gasoline for use in vehicles.
How can carbonyls help provide a positive impact on the environment?
Ethanol can reduce fuel consumption.
1° alcohol + O→ ???
With proper temperature and pressure.
Aldehyde + Water
What do ketones smell like?
Fruity, like nail polish remover (keto-breath).