DSM-5 & Diagnosis
RAD is categorized under this DSM-5 grouping
Bowlby described this concept as mental representations of relationships
What are internal working models?
RAD is most common in children exposed to this
What is neglect?
RAD is often confused with this disorder involving inattention and hyperactivity
What is ADHD?
Care approach focusing on safety, trust, and empowerment
What is trauma-informed care?
Social workers must assess this when diagnosing across diverse families
What is cultural context?
Core feature: children rarely seek or respond to this from caregivers
A child avoiding caregivers when distressed reflects this attachment style
What is avoidant attachment?
Children in this system have higher RAD risk
What is foster care/child welfare system?
Unlike RAD, this disorder includes social communication deficits and restricted interests
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Treatment focuses on strengthening this relationship
What is caregiver-child attachment?
Ethical dilemma: balancing child safety with this principle
What is family preservation?
RAD requires a history of this type of caregiving
What is extreme insufficient care (e.g., neglect, repeated caregiver changes)?
Ainsworth studied attachment using this research method
What is the Strange Situation?
Estimated prevalence in the general population is approximately this percentage
What is about 1–2%?
This disorder involves indiscriminate sociability rather than withdrawal
What is Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)?
This therapy emphasizes caregiver attunement and responsiveness
Overdiagnosis of RAD can contribute to this issue
What is stigma or mislabeling?
This emotional pattern must be present: limited positive affect and episodes of this emotion
What is unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness?
RAD differs from insecure attachment because it involves this severity of caregiving failure
What is severe neglect/deprivation?
Institutional care increases RAD risk due to lack of this
What is consistent, responsive caregiving?
RAD behaviors stem from this root cause
What is early relational trauma/neglect?
Stable placement improves RAD outcomes by providing this
What is consistency and predictability?
Trauma-informed practice prioritizes this over punishment
What is understanding behavior as adaptive?
RAD diagnosis requires ruling out this neurodevelopmental disorder
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Early attachment disruptions impact this long-term developmental domain
What is emotional regulation and relational functioning?
This framework explains how multiple environmental layers influence RAD risk
What is Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory?
Key distinction: RAD involves lack of attachment, while this involves disrupted but present attachment
What is insecure attachment?
Ineffective or harmful treatments often rely on this discredited approach
What are coercive or “holding” therapies?
Ethical assessment requires integrating this alongside diagnosis
What is environmental and systemic context (person-in-environment)?