Science of Reading
What is the definition of the science of reading?
*two important words
A body of interdisciplinary research.
What is the Simple view of reading framework?
Decoding X Language Comprehension = Reading Comprehension
What is expressive language?
* Falls under semantics
Writing and speaking to express ourselves.
develops after receptive language and is most difficult to develop.
Research shows that developmentally, which of these options is easiest for young children to identify?
A. The medial and final phonemes of words.
B. The initial and medial phonemes of words.
C. Only the medial phonemes of words.
D. The initial and final phonemes of words.
D. The initial and final phonemes of words.
A teacher asks her students to say /ake/. She then tells them to add a different consonant sound to the beginning of /ake/ to see which real and nonsense words that can form. Which component of phonological awareness are students practicing in this activity?
A. Syllabification
B. Onset rime
C. Phoneme Isolation
D. Segmentation
B. Onset rime
What four fields of research are involved in the science of reading?
Cognitive psychology
Neuroscience
Linguistics
Education
"Letters _____ sounds"
spell
What is receptive language?
* Also falls under semantics
How information is understood or received.
Listening and reading skills.
first language skills to be developed.
What is the best way to utilize picture flashcards to develop children's phonemic awareness?
A. The flashcards that are used should have pictures unfamiliar to the child.
B. The child should be asked to identify a word's first and second phoneme.
C. The child should be asked only to identify the word name of each picture.
D. The flashcards should only be used for children with strong phonics skills.
B. the child should be asked to identify a word's first and second phoneme.
Which choice represents a likely progression of phonological awareness skills?
A. Onset rime, manipulation, rhyming, phoneme addition, syllabification
B. Phoneme deletion, syllabification, onset rime, rhyming, phoneme manipulation
C. Rhyming, syllabification, onset rime, segmenting phonemes, phoneme manipulation.
D. syllabification, onset rime, phoneme blending, rhyming, manipulation
C. Rhyming, syllabification, onset rime, segmenting phonemes, phoneme manipulation.
What two approaches are not effective approaches to teaching reading?
Balanced literacy and whole language
What are the 5 pillars of reading instruction?
Phonemic awareness
phonics
fluency
vocabulary
comprehension
what are the three essential components are early literacy development?
Oral language, alphabetic code, and print awareness
Which of the following activities BEST demonstrates a multisensory approach to teaching letter formation?
A. Locating words containing a certain letter in a book.
B. Tracing prewritten letters on paper with a pencil.
C. Writing letters in sand or shaving cream.
D. Identifying letters on flashcards.
C. Writing letters in sand or shaving cream.
Which best statement best describes the relationship between phonological awareness and phonemic awareness?
A. Phonological awareness and phonemic awareness are interchangeable terms.
B. Phonological awareness is one specific component of phonemic awareness.
C. Phonemic awareness is one specific component of phonological awareness.
D. Phonological awareness typically develops after phonemic awareness.
C. Phonemic awareness is one specific component of phonological awareness.
What three types of instruction make up structured literacy?
Systematic, diagnostic, and explicit
Phonics is the bridge between which to things on the 4-part processing model?
The phonological processor and the orthographic processor.
What is environmental print?
Print everywhere, classroom literacy
literacy is modelled with labels and symbols everywhere
A student is reading a fictional book and has difficulty decoding the word maple. Which spelling pattern could the teacher explain to better help the student decode this word and similar words in the future?
A. Vowel digraph pairs
B. R-controlled vowels
C. closed syllables
D. Open syllables
D. Open Syllables
What has research found about systematic, explicit instruction in phonics?
A. It makes significant improvements in children's reading comprehension.
B. It makes significant improvements in K-1 word recognition, not spelling.
C. It makes significant improvements only for children with normal reading.
D. It makes significant improvements as a whole beginner reading program.
A. It makes significant improvements in children's reading comprehension.
What are the five contributing factors to literacy development?
environmental, cultural, social, linguistic, cognitive
Give one example of each of the five-contributing factor to literacy development:
Knowledge of these things help us know where to fill in the gaps of our instruction.
Environmental: homelife, socioeconomical status, income, experiences, parents' level of education.
Cultural: values of education, role of school, value of family
Social: motivation, influences, impacts, language environment, connotations of literacy
Linguistics: language variations spoken at home, various dialect
Cognitive: working memory, attention, intelligence, processing speed
What are the five domains of language?
phonology
morphology
syntax
semantics
pragmatics
A third-grade student has difficulty with decoding and struggles to read grade-level texts independently. Which statement is likely to be true based on this information?
A. The student will benefit from additional implicit phonics instruction.
B. The student will also struggle with phonological awareness.
C. The student will also struggle with fluency and comprehension.
D. The student likely has a language processing disorder and requires further evaluation.
C. The student will also struggle with fluency and comprehension.
A kindergarten teacher notices that one of her students consistently understands and follows directions that are spoken to him. However, when he speaks in any situation, his sentences are often missing key words and do not make any sense. The student is demonstrating difficulties with what?
A. Expressive Language
B. Receptive Language
C. Articulation
D. Pragmatic language
A. Expressive Language