Inferences
What is an inference?
Figuring out something that was not completely explained using what you know and what the text says
What is the main idea?
The most important idea in a text
Give me a summary of Two Roads so far!
Two roads is about Cal and Pop, a father and son during the Great Depression. Pop is struggling financially so him and Cal travel as hobos. Cal learns that he is Creek Indian and Pop sends Cal to Challagi while Pop goes to Washington to get money for their farm. While at Challagi, a Native American Boarding school, Cal makes some friends.
What things help us to find the meaning of words that we do not know right away?
Context clues
Parts of the word that we might already know
Who were the main characters in Percy Jackson and The Lightning Thief?
(*bonus if you include their last names*)
Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase, Grover Underwood
Crack! Thunder struck and rain poured. Max stared blankly out the window, trying to contain his emotions that raged like the weather. He was beginning to lose it. Dropping the kite from his hand, Max broke out into full sobs. His mother comforted him, "There, there, Max. We'll just find something else to do." She began to unpack the picnic basket that was on the counter and offered him a sandwich. Max snapped, "I don't wanna sand-mich!" A flash from the sky lit up the living room. Boom! Mom sighed.
Why is Max upset?
What was his Mom going to take him to do?
It is raining so they could not go on a picnic
If you are feeling sad, you can make yourself feel better by doing a few simple things. You can take a walk (or get another form of exercise), you can talk to a friend, or you can write down your feelings. Writing down the good things in your life will help too. Doing something good for someone else will also help you feel better. If you still feel a little sad, act happy. It works like magic to make you feel better!
There are things you can do to make yourself feel better when you are sad.
Unlike Alex, who treated others rudely and kept to himself, Brendan was jovial and friendly.
What do you think jovial means? What context clues helped you to figure it out?
Meaning: pleasant/likable
Context clues: treated others rudely/friendly
What is your favorite book? Give us a summary of it.
:)
Mom made sandwiches and put them into the basket, along with some fruit and chips. Dad grabbed the big blanket, and Robby got the frisbee. Then the whole family piled into the car and headed out.
Where was the family going? What makes you think so? Give two reasons
A picnic at the park
Mom made food and put it into a basket
Dad grabbed the blanked
Robby grabbed a frisbee
These are all things you do at a park
I can't wait until this weekend! We’re going to my grandparents’ house and my entire family will be there. I will spend most of my time playing games with my cousins. We always have such a good time together! The day goes by so fast, and by the end we are all exhausted... but we still don’t want to leave!
The writer enjoys sending time with their family
One sunny day, Sarah was walking home from school when she heard a soft meowing sound coming from the bushes. She looked inside and found a tiny kitten, all alone and scared. Sarah knew she had to help the kitten, so she picked it up and took it home. Sarah's mom was hesitant at first, but when she saw how sad and helpless the kitten looked, she agreed to keep it for a little while. Sarah and her mom took care of the kitten, feeding it, playing with it, and giving it a warm bed to sleep in. After a few days, Sarah put up posters around the neighborhood, hoping to find the kitten's owners. But nobody came forward, so Sarah and her mom decided to keep the kitten for good. The kitten was so happy in its new home, and Sarah loved having a furry friend to play with. She knew that even though the kitten was lost at first, it had found a loving family in the end.
Sarah found a scared kitten in the bushes on her way home from school and decided to take it home. She tried to find the kitten's original owners, Sarah and her mom ended up keeping the kitten, making both the kitten and Sarah happy.
Markese joked around so much that when he told the others about the accident that had occurred, they didn’t believe that he was being earnest.
What do you think earnest mean? What context clue helped you figure that out?
meaning: honest or truthful
context clues: joking around, didn't believe
Name the three different types of texts.
Informational, Persuasive, Imaginative (of non-fiction or literary)
Jenna was lying outside in the sun. She knew she should out some sun block on, but the sun felt so good on her back that she did not want to move. She told herself that she would get sun block in five minutes. Within three minutes, Jenna had fallen asleep.
What will happen next? What makes you think so?
She got sunburnt. She fell asleep before putting on sun block.
Cells are like tiny factories with many working parts. One essential component is the nucleus, often called the cell's control center. It holds the cell's DNA, which contains instructions for everything the cell does. Surrounding the nucleus is the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance where most cell activities take place. Within the cytoplasm, you can find organelles such as mitochondria, known as the powerhouses of the cell, producing energy. The cell membrane acts like a gatekeeper, letting helpful substances in and waste out. Understanding these parts gives us a glimpse into the incredible complexity of the microscopic world within us.
There are many parts of a cell that are coplex and each have their own function.
Many tropical and sub-tropical shores are home to a unique group of large shrublike plants called mangroves. These plants tend to form dense, submerged ‘forests ‘along shorelines, thanks to their adaptive ability to survive in sea water that’s too salty for other land plants to live in. Mangroves achieve this through salt and leaves that excrete it into the water. Mangroves make up and enhance the ecological diversity. Their complex root systems serve as nursery habitats for marine life as well as providing the substrate for algae, sponges and like seagrasses, mangroves are instrumental in building sediments along shorelines and lagoons. It might be hard to imagine their breadth if you’re reading this in northern Europe, but just imagine the following…The nation of Belize features the highest overall percentage of forest cover of any of the Central American countries, its mangrove cover. A 2010 satellite-based study of Belize’s mangroves by the World Wildlife Fund observed that mangrove spread over 184,548 acres, which is the equivalent of 3.4% of Belize’s territory.
Mangroves are unique large shrublike plants that form dense 'forests' along shorelines, surviving in salty sea water by excreting salt through their leaves. These plants contribute to ecological diversity by providing nursery habitats for marine life and building sediments along shorelines and lagoons.
I was very hungry and the apple I ate did not appease my appetite.
What is the meaning of the word timorous? What context clues made you think that?
Meaning: fulfill or satisfy
Context Clue: hunger
Jenna was shocked when she opened the door to her apartment. There were long rips in the couch, as though someone had run knives down the front of it. A lamp was shattered on the floor. Some picture frames were hanging crookedly, some of them had fallen off the wall and the door to her cat's travel cage was open. Not only that, but the door to the birdcage was swinging back and forth and there were feathers on the floor. She could have sworn that she had locked her cat in the travel cage before she left for work. At first Jenna thought it might have been burglars. Oh no, she thought. Someone broke into my apartment, trashed the place, and stole my cat! Then she heard the cat meowing in her bedroom. She ran to the bedroom and saw the cat patting one of Jenna's favorite shoes with its claws. "That's it!" Jenna yelled. "I'm done with this." She threw the cat back into its travel cage and tried to shut the door, but the lock wouldn't catch. Jenna huffed and then grabbed some duct tape.
What happened to Jenna's Apartment?
The cat got out and chased the bird around the apartment, causing things to be messy and destroyed.
Native American boarding schools were institutions established in the United States with the purpose of assimilating Native American children into Western culture. These schools aimed to eradicate Native American languages, traditions, and customs by enforcing strict assimilation policies. Children were forbidden from speaking their native languages and practicing their cultural beliefs, being forced to adopt Western ways of life instead. The harsh reality of these schools is a dark chapter in American history, illustrating the damaging effects of cultural assimilation policies on Indigenous communities.
Native American boarding schools often aimed to remove cultural aspects of the lives of Native American children.
Read the passage. Then answer the questions.Covering an area of about 5,427,000 square miles, the Arctic Ocean is about the size of Russia, and yet the smallest and shallowest of the world’s five major oceanic divisions. It’s also one of the least explored, primarily because ice partly covers it throughout the year. It’s surrounded by the land masses of Eurasia, North America, Greenland and several islands, while an underwater ridge divides it into two basins, which are further subdivided by ridges. The Arctic Ocean’s surface temperature and salinity varies seasonally. Salt lowers the freezing temperature of seawater to -2°C. Despite this, when the atmospheric temperature drops in the Arctic, a thick layer of seawater begins to freeze. What makes the oceans ‘ecology so intriguing is the amount of hidden life within - not just in its depths but dispersed across every level of the water column. One of the most important aspects of its rich biodiversity is the presence of micro-algae called phytoplankton, which form an essential component of the food chain. These single-celled plants not only provide nourishment to many marine animals, but also help to regulate the amount of tiny ice needles start to form, creating a salt free solution called ‘frail ice’. As the temperature continues to fall, the frail ice thickens and traps pockets of salty water in its layers. In the summer, the ice melts and the surface cover can be reduced to half of what it was. Thrives during this time, when the sun is out day and night, but struggles to survive in the dark days of winter. Climate change is blamed for the increasing loss of sea ice throughout the Arctic Ocean, as well as the melting of the Greenland ice sheet.
The Arctic Ocean, surrounded by various land masses and divided into two basins, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans, with hidden life, phytoplankton, and the impact of climate change on sea ice and the Greenland ice sheet.
Something fell off the self causing a loud crash. Kyle did not flinch, but Eunnetta said in a timorous voice "What was that?"
What is the meaning of the word timorous? What context clues made you think that?
Meaning: fearful, scared or shy