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Definition
Criteria for Living Organisms
Structure of a Virus
Lytic vs. Lysogenic
Check Your Understanding
100
Define Capsid
protein part of a virus enclosing the genetic material.
100
Are living organisms cellular in nature? If so, why?
Yes. All cells have cell membranes and cytoplasm and have similar organelles with different functions
100
What are some kinds of shapes that a virus can have?
Spherical, elongated, intricate geometric molecular configurations.
100
Where does E. coli live?
intestines of mammals
200
Define lytic cell cycle
basic reproductive cycle of viruses
200
How do organisms get their energy?
Organisms get their energy from inorganic sources, like photosynthesis. And others get their energy from organic source by consuming/absorbing nutrients
200
Viruses contain two types of biochemicals. What are they?
Proteins and nucleic acid
200
If the viral infection is not immediately active, it will be join onto a plasmid
Lysogenic cycle
200
What proteins are released by white blood cells to deactivate foreign cells?
Antibodies
300
Define phage
short for bacteriophage, which is a virus that invades and kills bacteria
300
How do organisms interact with their environment? Give an example.
They can interact in many ways, like having a mutualistic relationship. For example, a whale and a janitor sucking fish. The fish cleans the bacteria of the whales exterior, and the janitor gets a free ride and also free food.
300
How can a virus infect a cell?
its proteins must match the proteins in the cell membranes of the potential host cells
300
With the multiple copies of the original virus, the host cell breaks open and dies
Lytic cycle
300
A "phage" is a type of what?
A virus that invades bacteria cells
400
Define interferon
protein produced by certain white blood cells to help the body combat viral infection
400
How do organisms reproduce? If reproducing did not exist, what would happen to species?
Organisms can reproduce asexually or sexually. If reproducing did not exist, species would have ceased to exist long ago.
400
What is an example of viral specificity?
HIV virus
400
The prophage, which is not active, is replicated each time the host cell divides �
Lysogenic cycle
400
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity is the result of antibody activity where the antibodies are produced within one's system. Passive immunity is acquired through the injection of antibodies into one's system.
500
Define active immunity
a condition where white blood cells generate their own antibodies
500
How can an organism remain alive for a period of time?
an organism can only remain alive if it can maintain a flow of energy through its body
500
What are 2 kinds of nucleic acid chromosomes?
DNA and RNA
500
Activating the prophage so it becomes active can happen when it gets triggered by a shift in conditions When that happens, it begins to reverts to self-replication
Lysogenic cycle
500
What does it mean to say that a viral disease must "run its course"?
This means that there are no effective medicines that can be used to disassembled the viruses: they are not alive and therefore cannot be killed.