Definitions
Define communicative competence
Knowledge that we bring to using a language as a communicative tool in conversation with other speakers
A woman who refuses to wear feminine clothes and take on a stereotypically feminine role in the household is an example of a woman who is becoming less of a what?
Woman
Labov's first principle of change states that language is most often altered by which social class?
Middle class
What is called when a word’s meaning narrows and becomes specialized?
Something that is between an outright statement and a yes-no question is a what?
Tag question
A woman saying "what a terrific idea" instead of "what a divine idea" is an example of a woman doing what?
Restricting herself/her vocabulary/lexicon
A(n) _____ act is the production of the sounds and words that make up an utterance and its referential meaning
Locutionary
What does lexical prototype semantics do?
Proposes that prototypes are fundamental to lexical meaning. Therefore, prototypes develop as our innate linguistic competence comes into contact with the experience of the world around us. We are NOT born with this, but it is a lifelong ongoing interface of the mind with the world.
Define hyponym
Subordinate, more specific, denotes a set of hierarchical semantic relationships
"The Jabberwocky" provides examples of several what?
Nonsense words
When the illocutionary and perlocutionary acts are combined, they are referred to as ____ force.
Perlocutionary
What is known as the "double-edged sword"?
When a woman has to choose whether she is less than a woman or less than a person
Define presuppositions
It is what is presupposed by the sentence in order to make a proposition (ex. "the King of France is bald" presupposes a King of France)
A woman speaking in specific ways to gain respect in certain professional or social settings is an example of when a woman is seeking what sort of "currency"?
Symbolic capital
If I take the floor and do not allow you to speak, then we are not participating in ___ ___, an important aspect of polite conversation.
Turn-taking
What works from the idea that language performs actions? I.e., when we speak we are DOING things.
Speech act theory
Define back-channeling
They indicate that someone is listening. Examples include "yeah,” “uh huh,” “ummm,” “I know,” and the like (as well as gestures such as head nodding). These responses are not meant as attempts to take the floor; they are typically interpreted as moves by hearers to indicate support of or agreement with the speaker.
Give an example of one of the factors that indicate WHY women have a greater use of linguistic variation
Wider contacts
A greater need to signal worth through symbolic means
A greater societal license to display expressiveness
The ___ ___ is defined as the notion that male–female conversational differences are due to societal power differences between men and women
dominance approach
Name all three of Austin's Speech Acts
Locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary