Nutrition
What is the difference between enteral and parenteral nutrition?
Who is?
Enteral nutrition is delivered via the GI tract.
Parenteral nutrition is delivered intravenously.
What are the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What Is?
Dysuria, frequency, urgency, cloudy urine, and lower abdominal pain.
What are the clinical signs of an infected wound?
What is?
Redness, warmth, swelling, increased pain, and purulent drainage.
What are common age-related changes in vision?
What is?
Decreased accommodation, presbyopia, and cataracts.
What are the principles of infection control?
What Is?
Hand hygiene, wearing appropriate PPE, disinfecting surfaces, and isolating infected patients.
Which lab values indicate malnutrition?
What is?
Low serum albumin, prealbumin, and total protein levels.
What are nursing interventions for a patient with constipation?
What Is?
Encourage fluid intake, increase fiber, promote physical activity, and consider stool softeners.
How do you prevent skin breakdown in immobile patients?
What Is?
Frequent repositioning, use of pressure-relieving devices, and maintaining good nutrition and hydration.
How do you communicate with a patient who is hearing impaired?
What Is?
Use clear speech, face the patient, and consider sign language or written communication if necessary.
What are the normal ranges for vital signs in adults?
What Is?
Temperature: 98.6°F (37°C)
Pulse: 60-100 bpm
Respirations: 12-20 breaths/min
BP: 120/80 mmHg.
What dietary recommendations are given for a client with dysphagia?
What is?
Soft, pureed foods, thickened liquids, and careful monitoring to prevent aspiration.
What diet helps with diarrhea?
What Is?
BRAT diet
(bananas, rice, applesauce, toast), clear liquids, and avoiding fatty or spicy foods.
What are the best wound care techniques for a surgical incision?
What Is?
Keep the wound clean and dry, use sterile dressings, and monitor for signs of infection.
What are safety precautions for patients with visual impairments?
What Is?
Ensure adequate lighting, remove obstacles, and use magnification devices or large print materials.
What is the nursing process (ADPIE)?
What Is?
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.
What are key signs of dehydration in older adults?
What Is?
Dry mouth, sunken eyes, confusion, and decreased urine output.
What are the differences between stress, urge, and overflow incontinence?
What Is?
Stress incontinence occurs with physical activity.
Urge incontinence is a sudden, intense urge to urinate.
Overflow incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine due to a full bladder.
What are the stages of pressure injuries?
What Is?
Stage 1 (redness)
Stage 2 (blister/ulcer)
Stage 3 (full-thickness skin loss)
Stage 4 (full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone/muscle).
What is the difference between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss?
What Is?
Conductive hearing loss is due to problems in the outer or middle ear; sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.
How do you use SBAR communication in a healthcare setting?
What are the major sources of vitamin K in the diet?
Who Is?
Leafy green vegetables, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts.
How do you care for a patient with a colostomy?
What Is?
Clean the stoma, change the pouch regularly, and monitor for signs of infection or leakage.
How does impaired perfusion affect tissue healing?
What is?
Impaired perfusion reduces oxygen and nutrient delivery, slowing the healing process.
What are key nursing interventions for a patient with vertigo?
What Is?
Ensure safety by providing support, avoiding sudden movements, and teaching balance exercises.
What are key considerations for safe medication administration?
What Is?
Follow the “Five Rights”:
Right patient
Right medication
Right dose
Right route
Right time