Influences
A drug used to increase pleasure or reduce boredom is a type of ___ reinforcement?
Positive
True or false? Women are more likely than men to use drugs.
False. Men are more likely than women to use almost all types of drugs.
Performance-enhancing drugs are also referred to as?
Ergogenic aids.
Who proposed to substitute the word dependency in place of addiction?
The World Health Organization
A drug used to alleviate discomfort is a type of ___ reinforcement?
Negative
True or false? Prescription drug abuse is considered the fastest-growing drug problem in the nation.
True. Individuals misuse drugs as they believe these substances are safer than illicit drugs since they are prescribed by a healthcare provider.
Which substance is commonly used by athletes to increase muscle mass?
Anabolic steroids.
Do people who were abused as children have higher rates of alcoholism during adulthood compared with those people who were not?
Yes, more people who were abused as children are likely to be alcoholics as adults.
What is the biggest factor for drug use? Environmental, individual, or interpersonal/societal influences?
Individual influences
True or false? White people are more likely than people in all other racial or ethnic groups to be past month alcohol users.
True.
What is the difference between drug dependency and drug addiction?
Drug dependency is when the body adapts to the substance. Drug addiction is a compulsive and often uncontrollable urge to use a substance.
What is the most commonly illicit drug used?
Marijuana
Is there a theory that covers every aspect of drug addiction?
No. Although no theory covers every aspect of drug addiction, elements of various theories provide insight into drug addiction.
True or false? One religion believes the Tree of Life mentioned in the Bible was a marijuana plant.
True. The Rastafarian believe that marijuana is a religious sacrament.
Cite two drug withdrawal symptoms.
Nausea, vomiting, headaches, heart palpitations, sweating, itching, depression, paranoia ...
Do all hospitals drug test women who have given birth to determine whether their babies may have drugs in their bloodstreams?
No, some hospitals have tested pregnant women whom they suspected of having used drugs; however, most hospitals do not routinely test for drugs.
Which profession has the highest rate of substance abuse?
People working in restaurant, food service, or hospitality.
True or false? Students, especially those in fraternities and sororities, consistently underestimate how much others drink
False. They tend to overestimate how much others drink.
What two drugs were the most commonly used by soldiers in both World Wars?
Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines were widely used to increase alertness and suppress appetite.
What is the % of people developing addiction due to genetics?
About 50%