Try a Sample
These are the 2 primary categories of sampling we use in research.
What are probability and non-probability sampling?
This type of study relies primarily on data gathered in some kind of numerical way, e.g. quantities, frequencies, choosing particular responses.
What is quantitative?
Collecting information such as respondent name, age, and residence, but promise not to go back and try to connect any one individual's response with their identifying information, you have established this:
What is confidentiality?
What is the independent variable?
This type of validity involves looking at the measurement instrument and determining if the measurements make intuitive sense.
What is Face Validity?
If I ask a friend to participate in my study on kayaking, then ask them to give me the names of four other kayaking friends I could contact to participate, that would be this kind of sampling strategy.
What is snowball sampling?
Using a Focus Group to gather information from participants would be a type of this category of study.
T/F: A minor can give informed consent to participate in a research study.
What is false? They can give "assent", but only the legal guardian can given "informed consent".
In the following hypothesis, "willingness to pay" is this variable: Visitors who purchase annual passes are more likely to be willing to pay an increased amount for park maintenance than those who purchase day passes.
What is the dependent variable?
How much our measure predicts the expected outcome.
What is Criterion Validity?
T/F: To effectively conduct research, it is important to be able to access a population of potential respondents.
T/F: In order to be able to test a hypothesis, the variables in that hypothesis must be able to be operationalized.
What is True?
T/F: A ghost authorship is an honorary way to give another author credit for their discovery.
What is False? A ghost author contributed significantly but was left off the authorship of the research product.
This is one way to operationalize "well-being".
There are so many...let's see what you have...
Comparing the results of questionnaires completed by the same participants at two different times after not having any interventions would be this type of reliability check.
What is Test-Retest?
Choosing 5 neighborhoods in La Crosse out of the 20+ geographically identified neighborhoods, and then sending a questionnaire to all individuals in those 5 neighborhoods is a good example of this kind of sampling.
What is Cluster Sampling?
This kind of hypothesis states there is no relationship between the two variables being tested.
What is the null hypothesis?
Data collected in a study that helps the researcher understand how their results compare to the population standards is called this kind of data:
What is normative data?
Using an existing tool to measure variables in research such as using the Myers-Briggs Typology as a technique to assess personality type suggests the researcher is engaged in this category of research.
What is quantitative?
If the researcher gets back data that seems like the results align well with theoretical expectations, but when they look at the overall results, the responses also vary quite a bit, we might determine the results to be:
What is valid but not reliable?
This type of sampling strategy does not give me results that are generalizable to the larger population.
What is purposive, volunteer, quota, snowball, or any kind of non-probability sampling?
This might be an example of a hypothesis where you would predict that having a pet would increase someone's happiness.
Let's see what you came up with...
This is one type of structured questionnaire that your authors discuss.
What is face-to-face interview, telephone interview, mail survey, or internet survey?
In this type of research, the biases of the researcher may be known to the participants and the researcher is able to see observable characteristics of the participants.
What is qualitative?
When we compare the analysis results of the same data by three different researchers, then use the percentage of agreement to illustrate how repeatable our results are, we call this:
What is interrater reliability?