Attribution theory
what are attributions?
Our causal explanations for an event or a behavior
Interest can be divided into two main categories. What are these?
Individual and situational
Achievement goal theory grew out of which specific need?
The need for achievement
what is self-efficacy?
beliefs in own competencies / capabilities
Can you remember: what kind of goals (mastery or performance) are women more likely to use compared to men?
Mastery goals
*from student presentation
Name the three main dimensions of attribution
control, locus, stability
Name one factor for how interest develops according to the four-phase model of interest development?
Tips :the model refers to distinct characteristics for each phase
personal relevance, positive feelings, value, prior knowledge
What characterizes a performance orientation?
Performance goal orientations: setting goals aimed at demonstrating competence to others
Name 3 of the 4 sources of self-efficacy (according to Bandura)
Mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasions, physiological and emotional states
Connect the correct concept / person to the correct theory:
Concept: learned helplessness, Albert Bandura, goal structure, the monkey business illusion
Theory: achievement goal theory, self-efficacy, interest and values, attribution
learned helplessness - attribution
self-efficacy - Albert Bandura
achievement goal theory - goal structure
interest and values - the monkey business illusion
Using attribution theory, explain why feedback on effort are more beneficial than feedback based on personality
dimension of control: you can influence the outcome
dimension of stability: the same does not have to occur again, it is not stable in nature but can change
3 different psychological processes are involved when we feel interested (based on the definition). Name 1 of these
attention, affection, effort
What is a mastery-avoidance goal?
The goal of not lacking competence and to not loose skills. I am afraid that I do no longer have enough competence on this topic
what is the difference between self-efficacy and ability?
while they often go together, self-efficacy is about your perception of own capabilities, while ability is your true capabilities.
Name one limitation / criticism for achievement goal theory
1. A precise definition of achivement goals, mastery,- and peformance goals is lacking
2. How many types of achievement goals are there?
3. How do different achievement goals interact with each other?
4.Which goals are situational dependent and which ones are trait dependent?
how are social norms influencing our attributions?
For example:
Outcome outside the norm: attribution to internal factors
Outcome in the norm: attributions to external factors
What is one of the main difference between phase 1 + 2 (situational) and 3 + 4 (individual) in the four-phase model of interest development?
a. change in being almost exclusively supported by the environment, with interest now being more personal
b. growing curiosity, asking questions and looking for answers
c. For each phase there is re-engagement with the content and more stored knowledge
Based on achievement goal theory, how would you best motivate a student with a mastery goal orientation vs a performance goal orientation?
Performance goal: chance to show their skillset. Giving feedback that compares them to others.
according to self-efficacy theory, engagement in a task happens when we expect that we can succeed (efficacy expectations) + when we believe that what we do has an influence on the outcome (outcome expectations). Later researchers found out that one major component was missing. What was this?
Value: personal meaning that makes it worth it to engage in the task. Theory later developed to the expectancy-value theory