Key events
This 1898 naval battle marked the start of American control in the Philippines.
Battle of Manila Bay
This act created the civil government and included a Bill of Rights for Filipinos.
Philippine Organic Act of 1902
A policy where a powerful country expands control over another territory.
imperialism
American teachers who helped establish the public school system.
Thomasites
This treaty ended Spanish rule and transferred the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million.
Treaty of Paris (1898)
This law expanded Filipino participation and promised independence once stability was achieved.
Jones Law
A form of imperialism where a foreign power directly governs another country.
colonialism
The language used as the main medium of instruction during American rule.
English
This war (1899–1902) broke out after fighting between U.S. forces and Filipino nationalists.
Philippine-American War
This 1934 act provided a 10-year transition period toward independence.
Tydings–McDuffie Act
McKinley’s 1898 policy claiming the U.S. mission was to bring peace and progress.
Benevolent Assimilation
A program that sent Filipino students to study in the United States.
Pensionado Program
This 1946 agreement formally recognized Philippine independence by the U.S.
Treaty of Manila
This form of government replaced military rule in 1901 and was led by a Governor-General.
Civil Government
Rudyard Kipling’s idea that Western nations had a duty to “civilize” others.
White Man’s Burden
This social group emerged due to mass education and access to government jobs.
new middle class
This event in 1898 involved a staged fight that led to Spain surrendering Manila to the U.S.
Mock Battle of Manila
This commission (1900) acted as the main lawmaking body during early U.S. rule.
Taft Commission (Second Philippine Commission)
Influence through culture, education, and media rather than force or money.
soft power
How tall is Koa
shorter than caleb/ same height as peter (4'11)