Reconstruction Amendments
This constitutional amendment made slavery illegal across the entire United States, freeing all enslaved people.
What is the 13th Amendment?
This was the name of President Abraham Lincoln's lenient proposed plan for bringing Southern states back into the Union.
What is the Ten Percent Plan?
This was the term used to describe the 4 million free African Americans in the South following the end of the Civil War.
Who are Freedmen?
This celebrated Union general won the United States presidential election of 1868.
Who is Ulysses S. Grant?
This white supremacist terror group kidnapped, tortured, and killed carpetbaggers, scalawags, and successful Black Southerners to defend white superiority.
What is the Ku Klux Klan (or KKK)?
Proposed in 1866, this amendment granted citizenship to all born or naturalized Americans and protected the civil rights of freedmen.
What is the 14th Amendment?
This group of lawmakers favored civil rights, especially voting, for Black Americans and demanded that states ratify the 14th Amendment to re-join the Union.
Who are Radical Republicans?
This federal organization aided Black Southerners by starting schools and distributing clothing, medical supplies, and meals.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
Representing Mississippi, he made history by becoming the first African American Senator in the U.S. legislature.
Who is Hiram Revels?
This term was given to the powerful voting bloc formed by White Southern Democrats who worked to block Reconstruction policies.
What is the Solid South?
Proposed in 1869, this constitutional amendment prohibited denying citizens the right to vote based on race, officially granting African American males the vote.
What is the 15th Amendment?
This U.S. President was impeached by Congress in 1867 and was cleared in his Senate trial by just a single vote.
Who is Andrew Johnson?
In this farming system, a farmer worked a portion of a landowner's land in exchange for receiving half of the crop at harvest, often leaving them anchored in debt.
What is sharecropping?
He served for 35 days as Louisiana's very first African American governor.
Who is P. B. S. Pinchback?
This 1870 federal law banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting, and succeeded in wiping out the KKK within a year.
What is the Enforcement Act of 1870?
Under President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan, Southern states were required to ratify this specific amendment before they could return to the Union.
What is the 13th Amendment?
To return to the Union under Andrew Johnson's plan, Southern states had to perform these three specific actions.
What are void secession, end slavery, and ratify the 13th Amendment?
This was the term for Northern Republicans who moved into the South after the war, including teachers, businessmen, and political leaders.
Who are carpetbaggers?
In the milestone elections of 1870, this was the approximate number of African Americans successfully elected to Southern state legislatures.
What is 600?
Reconstruction came to symbolize corruption, and support for it died further when this major financial event occurred in 1873.
What is the Panic of 1873?
Congress overrode President Johnson's veto to pass this 1866 legislation, which outlawed Black Codes and paved the way for the 14th Amendment.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
This 1867 act put Southern states under military rule and required them to guarantee the vote to all qualified males, including African Americans.
What is the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
With no work available in the immediate aftermath of the war, this is what many poor White Southerners chose to do.
What is migrate west?
In 1870, these federal forces were stationed at Southern voting ballots to guard polls and protect the newly won voting rights of Black males.
Who are US Federal troops (or soldiers)?
Reconstruction officially ended when this Republican became president under the Compromise of 1877, resulting in the withdrawal of federal troops.
Who is Rutherford B. Hayes?