Amendments
What amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
13th Amendment
What is the period of history after the Civil War called?
Reconstruction
What were Jim Crow laws?
Laws that enforced segregation and discriminated against African Americans and Indigenous Peoples.
The separation of people, usually based on race or religion.
Segregation
What did the 14th Amendment give to people born in the United States?
Citizenship and equal protection under the law
Why did Congress pass new laws during Reconstruction?
To help rebuild the nation and bring the Southern states back into the Union
How did Jim Crow laws affect schools in Virginia?
They made African Americans and white children attend separate schools.
What is discrimination?
The unfair difference in the treatment of people.
What right did the 15th Amendment protect?
It ensured that all citizens had the right to vote regardless of race or color.
What system of agriculture helped solve the farming problems caused by the war, which allowed farmers to rent land and pay with a share of crops?
Sharecropping
What did Jim Crow laws do to voting rights?
They made it difficult for African Americans and Indigenous Peoples to vote and to hold public office.
Laws passed by Southern states to restrict the freedom of newly freed African Americans
Black Codes
Why were the 13th, 14th, and the 15th Amendments important during Reconstruction?
They expanded freedom, gave citizenship, and protected voting rights.
It helped provide housing, education, clothing, food, and jobs to freed enslaved African Americans and poor whites.
Freedmen's Bureau
How did Jim Crow laws limit the rights of African Americans?
They restricted voting, public office, and access to public places.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 declare about citizenship and rights in the United States?
It declared that all Americans were citizens, and everyone had the same rights.
While this amendment ended slavery, many Southern states still found new ways to control formerly enslaved African Americans.
13th Amendment
What problems did Virginia face during Reconstruction?
Lack of money, debt, destruction of buildings, bridges, railroads, and plantations, and many freed African Americans needed housing, education, clothing, food, and jobs.
Why were Jim Crow laws unfair?
They created unequal treatment and limited opportunities in housing, employment, health care, political representation, and education for African Americans and Indigenous Peoples.
Who was the first Black man elected to Congress from Virginia who spoke up for equal rights?
A. Jack Lewis
B. Rutherford B. Hayes
C. John Mercer Langston