Vocabulary
Term for formerly enslaved people who gained freedom after the Civil War.
Lincoln’s main goal for Reconstruction — what did he want to accomplish?
What is to reunite the nation quickly with as little punishment as possible?
Federal agency created to help freedpeople with food, medical care, legal help, jobs, and schools.
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau?
The president who followed Lincoln and favored quick, lenient readmission of Southern states.
Andrew Johnson
The 1877 deal that effectively ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South.
Compromise of 1877
Laws passed in many Southern states after the Civil War that limited the rights of African Americans.
What are Black Codes?
The plan that required only this percentage of a Confederate state’s voters to take an oath of loyalty for readmission.
What is the 10% Plan?
One major success the Freedmen’s Bureau achieved in the area of education.
What is established schools and improved literacy among freedpeople?
Why did many members of Congress strongly oppose President Johnson’s Reconstruction approach?
He was too lenient on the South and allowed former Confederates back into power.
One immediate effect on freedpeople after the Union army withdrew.
Loss of protection and increase in racial violence and voter suppression.
Farming system where tenants gave a portion of their crop to the landowner and often became trapped in debt.
What is sharecropping?
The stricter Congressional alternative (backed by Radical Republicans) that demanded a much higher loyalty requirement than Lincoln’s plan.
What is the Wade-Davis Bill?
This amendment (1865) abolished slavery.
13th Amendment
The law Johnson violated when he tried to remove a cabinet member, which led directly to his impeachment charges.
Tenure of Office Act
1896 Supreme Court case that established the “separate but equal” doctrine.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Name given to Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often viewed with suspicion.
The presidential power used when a president refuses to sign a bill and Congress adjourns — Lincoln used it on the Wade-Davis Bill.
What is a pocket veto?
This amendment granted citizenship and guaranteed equal protection under the law.
14th Amendment
The result of Johnson’s Senate impeachment trial.
He was acquitted by one vote and remained in office.
1954 Supreme Court case that overturned “separate but equal” in public education.
Brown v. Board of Education
State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the late 1800s / early 1900s.
What are Jim Crow Laws?
Short reason why Lincoln set the readmission requirement as low as 10%.
What is he wanted to reunite the country quickly and avoid resentment in the South?
This amendment (1870) aimed to protect the right to vote regardless of race.
15th Amendment
Explain in one sentence how sharecropping acted like a “new form of slavery.”
It trapped freedpeople in cycles of debt and dependency on white landowners.
Explain the difference between a carpetbagger and a scalawag.
A carpetbagger was a Northerner who moved South after the war; a scalawag was a Southern white who supported Reconstruction.