Economic Changes in SC
What was the most common occupation of freedmen during Reconstruction?
Sharecropping
What was the greatest contribution of the Freedmen's Bureau?
They built over 1,000 schools throughout the South
What were the main goals of the Freedmen's Bureau?
The Freedmen's Bureau aimed to assist newly freed African Americans by providing education, healthcare, and support in transitioning to freedom and self-sufficiency.
What legal precedent did Plessy v. Ferguson set?
The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine, legitimizing segregation laws and institutionalized racial discrimination in the U.S.
What disenfranchising tactic required African American voters to read and explain the Constitution?
Literacy tests
What were some reasons for the rise of labor unions in SC?
Labor unions formed in SC to advocate for workers' rights, improve wages, and fight against unsafe working conditions, driven by the need for collective bargaining.
Who were some prominent African American leaders during Reconstruction?
Prominent African American leaders during Reconstruction included figures like Robert Smalls, Joseph Rainey, and Benjamin Randolph, who fought for civil rights and representation.
What changes occurred in SC's relationship with the federal government after the Civil War?
South Carolina's relationship with the federal government changed post-Civil War as the state adjusted to new federal policies and oversight aimed at ensuring civil rights.
What was the significance of the South Carolina Constitution of 1868?
The South Carolina Constitution of 1868 was significant for its progressive reforms, including civil rights provisions aimed at protecting the rights of African Americans.
What disenfranchising tactic required voters to place their vote in the proper box?
The eight-box law
How did the crop-lien system affect farmers?
The crop-lien system forced farmers to borrow against their future crops, often leading to cycles of debt and poverty, particularly for sharecroppers.
How did sharecropping limit economic progress for freed people?
Sharecropping limited African Americans' economic progress by trapping them in debt and preventing them from accumulating wealth or land ownership.
What was the Compromise of 1877, and how did it affect SC?
The Compromise of 1877 resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, leading to the end of Reconstruction and the return of power to White Democrats.
What was significance of the 14th amendment?
It granted African Americans citizenship and equal rights granted to citizens.
Which amendment was being infringed when African Americans were denied the right to vote?
The 15th Amendment
What was the impact of textile production in SC?
It led to a shift in agricultural production to industry in SC and the development of mill towns.
What were the Black Codes, and how did they restrict African Americans?
Black Codes were laws enacted to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans, limiting their ability to vote, own property, and access education.
How did the former planter class react to Reconstruction?
The former planter class reacted to Reconstruction with resistance, attempting to regain control of social and economic structures through violence and discriminatory laws.
What was most significant about the SC Constitution of 1895?
It disenfranchised African Americans
What disenfranchising tactic based the right to vote on one's family tree?
The grandfather clause
How did sharecropping impact sharecroppers economically?
It kept sharecroppers in a cycle of debt and dependent on landowners.
How did the Hamburg Massacre reflect resistance to change?
The Hamburg Massacre represented violent resistance to African American political power and civil rights, highlighting the tensions and struggles during Reconstruction.
Describe the role of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction.
The Ku Klux Klan sought to maintain White supremacy through intimidation and violence against African Americans and their allies during Reconstruction.
Who pushed for disenfranchising African Americans in the SC Constitution of 1895?
Ben Tillman
Which disenfranchising tactic manipulated voting districts to favor one party or group over another?
Gerrymandering