Vocabulary
What was the government agency that helped freedmen with food, education, and housing?
Freedmen's Bureau
What amendment ended slavery in the United States?
13th Amendment
Who wanted a forgiving 10% Plan to reunite the country?
Abraham Lincoln
What did Lincoln's Reconstruction plan require from Southern voters?
Only 10% had to swear loyalty
Why was Reconstruction a time of both hope and struggle for freedmen?
Because they gained new rights but faced violence, poverty, and broken promises
What farming system kept many freedmen in poverty and debt?
Sharecropping
What amendment gave citizenship to everyone born in the U.S.?
14th Amendment
Who became president after Lincoln and allowed ex-Confederates to regain power?
Andrew Johnson
What did Radical Republicans do to force the South to protect Black rights?
Divided the South into military districts and required ratification of the 14th Amendment
What was one goal many freedmen had after gaining freedom?
What were the laws that limited the rights of African Americans in the South after slavery ended?
Black Codes
What amendment gave African American men the right to vote?
15th Amendment
Who was one of Radical Republican leader who led Congress in pushing for Black rights and punishing the South?
Thaddeus Steven
Why did Congress impeach Andrew Johnson?
He tried to block Reconstruction laws and fired officials who supported Congress
Why was sharecropping better than slavery, but still unfair?
It gave some freedom, but most freedmen stayed in debt and could not leave
What is the process of formally accusing a public official of wrongdoing?
impeachment
Which amendment includes the idea of "equal protection under the law"?
14th Amendment
Which president supported Reconstruction and fought the KKK using federal power?
Ulysses S. Grant
What did the Freedmen's Bureau do for education?
Built schools like Howard and Fisk Universities
How did the Compromise of 1877 hurt Black Americans in the South?
It removed protection, letting Southern leaders take away Black rights
What deal ended Reconstruction and removed federal troops from the South?
Compromise of 1877
Even after the 15th Amendment, what were two ways states stopped Black men from voting?
Literacy tests and poll taxes
Who was the first African American U.S. Senator?
Hiram Revels
What did the Enforcement Acts try to stop?
Violence from white supremacist groups like the KKK
In what ways did African Americans make progress during Reconstruction?
They voted, held office, built schools, and fought for rights.