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HISTORY
PHYSICAL
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
MANAGEMENT
ALL
100
In the diagnostic approach of a "red and painful eye", the 1st question when taking a history should be?
What is "Did anything get into your eye?"
100
Mnemonic for a complete eye exam.
What is "VVEEPP" (veep). Stands for Visual Acuity (best possible), visual fields, external examination, extraocular movement, pupillary evaluation, and pressure determination (tonometry)
100
__________ injury can rapidly lead to destructive keratoconjunctivitis if agent is not removed immediately.
What is "caustic injury"
100
_______________ facilitates cooperation in patients with injury and inflammation of the anterior eye Should not be given to patients to use at home
What is "topical anesthetic" (proparacaine 0.5%)
100
A "cherry-red spot" on funduscopic exam is suggestive of
What is "acute central retinal artery occlusion"
200
Diagnosis of a red and painful eye can be divided into _______________ and _____________ causes
What is "traumatic" and "nontraumatic"
200
This test is recommended for any complaint involving trauma, foreign body sensation or alteration of vision. It consists of an examination of the lids and lashes; conjunctiva and sclera; cornea (with fluorescein); anterior chamber; iris; and lens
What is The Slit Lamp Exam
200
Eye pain, with sudden onset, in low-light conditions. Characterized by a fixed pupil, and associated with photophobia, frontal headache, nausea and vomiting. In the ED, this condition requires immediate medical intervention and urgent ophthalmologic consultation
What is "Acute-angle closure glaucoma"
200
If there is no gross eye injury, a _______________ may be applied to IV fluid administration tubing during irrigation, so ED staff does not have to help the patient hold the eye open.
What is "Morgan Lens"
200
Itching sensation in eye, with or without other symptoms, like discharge and crusting could be suggestive of _____________
What is "Allergic conjunctivitis"
300
Perception of eye pain can be described by patients using terms such as _______, _________, ________, _______, __________ (name any 2)
What is "Itching, dull pain, burning, sharp pain, and perception of a foreign body.
300
This exam is pursued if there is visual loss, visual alteration, or suggestion of serious pathology in the history and initial physical examination
What is The funduscopic exam
300
This condition is caused by orbital trauma. Can occur spontaneously in patients with coagulopathy.
What is "Retrobulbar Hematoma"
300
Mydriatic agents are contraindicated in patients with __________________
What is "Narrow-angle glaucoma"
300
____________ is the most common infectious cause of blindness, and can be treated with ________________
What is "Trachoma"; "Azithromycin"
400
Abnormalities of the anterior eye such as – keratitis, uveitis, and acute-angle closure glaucoma are usually perceived by patients as _____________ (chief complaint)
What is "sharp pain"
400
Visual Acuity – provides a baseline to track deterioration or improvement; predictive of functional outcome after trauma. It is quantitatively assessed using a _________ at a distance of 20 feet; or a ______________at a distance of 14 inches
What is "Snellen chart test" ; "Rosenbaum chart"
400
– results from infection of structures inside the globe. Common after penetrating trauma. In immunocompromised hosts, it may begin from hematogenous seeding. Frequently necessitates enucleation, unless discovered early
What is "Endophthalmitis"
400
A topical agent that can be used to decreased intraocular pressure in a patient with sickle cell disease or trait (Name, dose and route)
What is "Methazolamide 50mg by mouth"
400
Name 4 emergent diagnosis that need to be considered in the evaluation of a red painful eye
What is 1. keratitis 2. corneal ulcerations 3. herpes simplex virus infections of the cornea 4. anterior uveitis 5. scleritis 6. episcleritis 7. endophthalmitis
500
A chief complaint of ____________ may be a manifestation of - Increased intraocular pressure, or a symptom referred from an extraorbital process such as – sinusitis, migraine headache, or temporal arteritis
What is "dull pain"
500
When performing bedside evaluation of a red painful eye, ________________, and _______________ with the use of the ______________ - are the best means for evaluating damage to the corneal epithelium. This test reveals corneal abrasions, ulcers or infections (eg. Herpes)
What is "Fluorescein solution" and "slit lamp examination", with the use of the "cobalt blue light source"
500
May be associated with systemic inflammatory processes like gout, Lyme disease, syphilis, and tuberculosis. Also associated with connective tissue diseases
What is "Scleritis"
500
The management of Acute angle-closure glaucoma in the ED if IOP > 30mm Hg consists of 1. _______________, and 2. ___________________
What are 1. Constricting the pupil with Pilocarpine 4 % 1gt, then repeating in 15 minutes 2. Administering Mannitol to establish an osmotic gradient (Mannitol 2g/kg IV) other treatments mentioned (for IOP > 20mmHg include --> decreasing the production of aqueous humor with Timolol 0.5 % 1gt, then repeat in 30 minutes OR Apraclonidine 1% 1 gt once, OR Dorzolamide 2% 2gtt, OR if sickle cell disease or trait, use - Methazolamide 50mg PO. Decrease inflammation with Prednisolone 1% 1gtt every 15 minutes X 4 times
500
In pediatrics, this can be a cause of inconsolable crying in an infant
What is "Corneal Abrasions"