Basics
Which of the following is a correct non-integral citation for a single-author source published in 2022?
A) Smith (2022) argues ................
B) Climate change ................... (Smith, 2022).
C) Climate change ......... (Smith 2022)
B) Climate change is accelerating (Smith, 2022).
Can you spot the errors?
McDonald, A. (2020) Urban Studies. London: Routledge.
Adams, B. (2019) 'Green energy'. Energy Journal, 5(2), pp. 10-22.
S. Lee, (2018) 'Modern cities'. Cities, 12(1), pp. 45-60.
Answers
1- The list is not in an alphabetical order.
2- Adams, B. (2019) 'Green energy'. Energy Journal, 5(2), pp. 10-22.
3-Lee, S. (2018) 'Modern cities'. Cities, 12(1), pp. 45-60.
Which of the following is the correct non-integral secondary citation for an original idea by Wilson (2018) that you found in Patel (2022)?
A) Wilson (2018, cited in Patel, 2022,) argues that...
B) (Wilson, 2018, in Patel, 2022)
C) (Wilson, 2018, cited in Patel, 2022)
Answer
C) (Wilson, 2018, cited in Patel, 2022)
Which of the following is a correct integral citation?
A) According to (Smith, 2022), ...............
B) Smith (2022) states that ................
C) The data is unreliable (Smith 2022).
B) Smith (2022) states that ................
Which of the following is the correct non-integral citation for a journal article by Brown published in 2021.
A) ............... (Brown, 2021).
B) Brown (2021) found .................
C) (Brown, 2021) found .................
Answer
A) ............... (Brown, 2021).
True or False: When you use a secondary citation, both the original author (e.g., Wilson 2018) and the author of the source you read (e.g., Patel 2022) must appear in your reference list.
Answer
False.
Reason: In Harvard referencing, the reference list should contain only the source you are using.
In a Harvard reference list, entries should be ordered alphabetically by the author's first name.
Wrong. Surname
Three students wrote the sentences below. Each contains one error. Identify the error, classify the intended citation type (Integral/Non-integral), and rewrite correctly.
a) Recent studies show ............. (Wilson & Patel & Smith & Lee, 2021).
b) According to (Lee and Patel, 2019), .................
c) Taylor (2020); Brown (2021) support .......
Answers
a) Recent studies show ............. (Wilson et al., 2021).
b) According to Lee and Patel (2019), .................
c) Taylor (2020) and Brown (2021) support .........
Spot the error for the non-integral secondary citation.
1- (Adams, 2015, in Brown, 2022)
2- (Taylor, 2021, cited in Petal, 2017)
3- (2018, cited in Brown, 2022)
Answers
1- (Adams, 2015, cited in Brown, 2022)
2- (Petal, 2017 cited in Taylor, 2021)
3- (2018, cited in Brown, 2022) Original author is missing.
Is this the correct order when writing a reference list (Who - What - When - Where)?
Wrong.
(Who - When - What - Where)
The following reference list contains four errors. Find and correct them.
- Brown, J. (2019) The Research Methods Handbook. 2nd edn. London: Academic Press.
- lee, S. and Patel, R. (2018) 'Protein structures in modern biology'. Journal of Science, 45(3) pp. 223-240.
- Wilson, A., et al. (2021) 'Bee populations in decline'. Environmental Studies, 12(1) pp. 45-56.
- Johnson P. (2020) 'Referencing and academic integrity'. Education Today, 8(2), pp. 112-125.
Answers
- Brown, J. (2019) The Research Methods Handbook. 2nd edn. London: Academic Press. (Correct)
- Johnson P. (2020) 'Referencing and academic integrity'. Education Today, 8(2), pp. 112-125. (Correct)
- Lee, S. and Patel, R. (2018) 'Protein structures in modern biology'. Journal of Science, 45(3) pp. 223-240.
- Wilson, A., et al. (2021) 'Bee populations in decline'. Environmental Studies, 12(1) pp. 45-56.
You have read a textbook by Morgan (2023). Morgan discusses an idea originally proposed by Khan (2010). You have not read Khan's original work. Make the non-integral secondary citation of this.
Answer
.......... (Khan, 2010, cited in Morgan, 2023).