Factory System
Why was Lowell, MA a good location for factory development?
Access to the Merrimack River for water power, transportation, and resources
What is an example of a push factor, causing immigrants to leave their home country?
War, famine, lack of jobs, restrictions on freedoms
What was the goal of the temperance movement?
To reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption
What did the cotton gin do?
Removed seeds from cotton much more efficiently than by hand
What was one way enslaved people resisted slavery?
Running away, destruction of property, sabotage, rebellion
What was one major effect of the factory system on American society?
More goods produced, growth of industry, rise of wage labor
What is an example of a pull factor, attracting immigrants to the United States?
Jobs, freedom, opportunity
What problems did reformers believe alcohol caused?
Crime, poverty, family issues
How did the cotton gin affect slavery?
Increased demand for enslaved labor
What was the Underground Railroad?
A network that helped enslaved people escape
What was one challenge factory workers faced in industrial America?
Long hours, low wages, unsafe conditions
What was one effect immigration had on U.S. cities?
Rapid growth, overcrowding, lower standards of living quality
What changes did Dorothea Dix fight for?
Better treatment of prisoners and the mentally ill
What does "King Cotton" mean?
What is one hardship enslaved people faced?
Family separation, violence, forced labor
How did industrialization change where people lived and worked?
People moved to cities and worked in factories instead of farms
How did immigration contribute to urbanization in the 1800s?
Increased city populations and workforces
What improvements did Horace Mann want in education?
Free public schools and better teachers
How did cotton production impact the Southern economy?
Made it dependent on slavery and agriculture
How did enslaved people maintain their culture and strength?
Religion, music, family, traditions
How did the factory system impact workers' quality of life?
It often worsened conditions (long hours, low pay, unsafe work)
How did immigration both help and challenge American cities?
Provided labor but caused overcrowding and poor conditions
What were two goals of the Women's Rights Movement?
Voting rights and equal opportunities
Why did the expansion of cotton lead to the spread of slavery?
More land and labor were needed to grow more cotton
What are two methods abolitionists used to fight slavery?
Speeches, writing, protests, propaganda, helping escapes