Historical Figures
This German monk’s 95 Theses, nailed to a church door in 1517, sparked the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther
This document, posted by Martin Luther in 1517, challenged the Catholic Church’s sale of indulgences and sparked the Protestant Reformation.
95 Theses
This invention, created by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, revolutionized the spread of ideas, including the Reformation, by making books cheaper and more accessible.
The Printing Press
This Catholic order, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, played a key role in the Counter-Reformation by promoting education and missionary work
The Jesuits
Why was the Peace of Augsburg significant?
It gave princes more power over their territories to choose which religion would be practiced by their subjects.
Reformer who believed in the idea of Predestination where only the "elect" (those chosen by God) would be saved.
John Calvin
The Act of Supremacy increased the power of the_________ and decreased the power of the __________.
1.) English Monarch/ King
2.) The Pope/ Church
This belief, central to Calvinism, holds that God has already chosen who will be saved and who will be damned, a concept that set Calvinism apart from other Protestant denominations.
Predestination
The Counter reformation led to the ____________ & the ______________.
The Inquisition & The Index of Forbidden Books
This treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe and significantly altered the political and religious landscape by recognizing the sovereignty of states and granting religious tolerance to Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire.
The Treaty of Westphalia
He did not agree with the Act of Supremacy which made the king head of the Church of England.
He was eventually executed by Henry VIII
Sir Thomas More
What was the result of the Edict of Worms?
Luther was declared a heretic and excommunicated.
How did Martin Luther believe a person achieved salvation?
sola fide (faith alone)
The Index of Prohibited Books is a historical example of __________________.
Censorship
This French king, initially a Catholic, converted to Protestantism in 1593 to gain political support, famously stating "Paris is worth a Mass," before issuing the Edict of Nantes to grant religious tolerance to Protestants
Henry IV
Who was in the line of secession after the death of Henry VIII (include religions).
1.) Edward VI (Protestant)
2.) Mary I (Catholic)
3.) Elizabeth (Protestant)
This 1618-1648 conflict, primarily fought in the Holy Roman Empire, began as a struggle between Catholic and Protestant states and ultimately involved much of Europe, leading to devastating consequences
Thirty Years War
This religious group, inspired by the Protestant Reformation, sought to "purify" the Church of England of Catholic practices and eventually migrated to the New World to establish a society based on their beliefs.
The Puritans
What were Ignatius and the Jesuits known for establishing?
Jesuit Universities
This group of French Protestants, largely influenced by the teachings of John Calvin, played a significant role in the French Wars of Religion, often clashing with French Catholics
The Huguenots
Who advocated for church reform and was a precursor to the Protestant Reformation, although he remained loyal to the Catholic Church.
Erasmus
This series of conflicts in France was primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants, also known as Huguenots, and ended with the Edict of Nantes
French Wars of Religion
This radical Protestant group, emerging during the Reformation, believed in adult baptism and the separation of church and state, setting them apart from both Catholics and other Protestant reformers.
The Anabaptists
Meeting of Catholic bishops aimed to address issues raised by the Protestant Reformation, reaffirm Catholic doctrines, and institute reforms within the Church
The Council of Trent
This 1598 decree, issued by Henry IV of France, granted religious tolerance to Protestants and ended the French Wars of Religion, allowing Huguenots to worship freely in certain areas.
Edict of Nantes