Historical Figures
Reformer who believed in the idea of Predestination where only the "elect" (those chosen by God) would be saved.
John Calvin
In 1521 the Pope did what to Martin Luther.
Excommunicated him.
This invention, created by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, revolutionized the spread of ideas, including the Reformation, by making books cheaper and more accessible.
The Printing Press
This document, posted by Martin Luther in 1517, challenged the Catholic Church’s sale of indulgences and sparked the Protestant Reformation.
95 Theses
This 1618-1648 conflict, primarily fought in the Holy Roman Empire, began as a struggle between Catholic and Protestant states and ultimately involved much of Europe, leading to devastating consequences
Thirty Years War
Who was the Pope when Martin Luther issued his 95 Theses?
Pope Leo X
The Act of Supremacy increased the power of the_________ and decreased the power of the __________.
1.) English Monarch/ King
2.) The Pope/ Church
Many members of the reformations had a major problem with a certain Church practice that they thought was corrupt.
Indulgences
Meeting of Catholic bishops aimed to address issues raised by the Protestant Reformation, reaffirm Catholic doctrines, and institute reforms within the Church
The Council of Trent
Why was the Peace of Augsburg significant?
It gave princes more power over their territories to choose which religion would be practiced by their subjects.
He did not agree with the Act of Supremacy which made the king head of the Church of England. He was eventually executed by King Henry VIII.
Sir Thomas More
In 1588 what happened to Henry of Guise? (DOUBLE JEOPARDY)
He was assassinated on orders of the King of France, Henry III.
This religious group, inspired by the Protestant Reformation, sought to "purify" the Church of England of Catholic practices and eventually migrated to the New World to establish a society based on their beliefs.
The Puritans
What was the result of the Edict of Worms?
Luther was declared a heretic.
Henry IV passed the ______ in 1598 that granted religious freedom and civil rights to the Huguenots, a minority group of French Protestants.
Edict of Nantes
Who advocated for church reform and was a precursor to the Protestant Reformation? He remained loyal to the Catholic Church, although he was an Enlightenment Thinker.
Erasmus of Rotterdam
What was the Diet of Worms in 1521.
It was a meeting/assembly called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to address the actions of Martin Luther.
This belief, central to Calvinism, holds that God has already chosen who will be saved and who will be damned before you are born, a concept that set Calvinism apart from other Protestant denominations.
Predestination
Martin Luther's father wanted him to be what?
Lawyer
This treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe and significantly altered the political and religious landscape by recognizing the sovereignty of states and granting religious tolerance to Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire. (DOUBLE JEOPARDY)
The Treaty of Westphalia
Who ruled England after the death of Henry VIII and what were their religious positions?
1.) Mary I (Catholic) - tried to restore Catholicism
2.) Elizabeth (Protestant) - continued her father's wishes and continued with the separation from the Catholic Church.
The Dutch got their independence from Spain in ______.
1581
Calvinism believes in theocracy. What is it?
Government is ruled by religious leader
What happened to Martin Luther after the Diet of Worms?
He faked a kidnapping and lived secluded in a castle, under the protection of Frederick of Saxony.
The English fleet destroyed the Spanish Armada, a massive fleet sent by King _____ of Spain, in 1588, effectively defeating the Spanish invasion attempt of England
Philip II