Protestant Reformation
What church practice did Martin Luther oppose?
Indulgences
What was the name of the strict religious order created during the Counter Reformation?
Society of Jesus or Jesuits
What nickname did Mary I earn for her treatment of Protestants?
Bloody Mary
Who wrote the Renaissance book The Prince?
Niccolo Machiavelli
Which Renaissance artist created the statue of David and painted the Sistine Chapel?
Michelangelo
In what book did John Calvin outline the basis of Calvinism?
Institutes of the Christian Religion
What was the Counter Reformation?
The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation.
Why did Henry VIII separate from the Roman Catholic Church and create the Church of England?
Because the pope refused to give Henry VIII an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Because trade gave merchants extra money, which they then used on education and supporting artists.
The Renaissance began because of an interest in which two civilizations?
Classical Greece and Classical Rome
What were two effects of the Protestant Reformation?
What was the main purpose of the Council of Trent?
To reform the Catholic Church
What did Elizabeth I do to try and solve the religious issues that England faced?
The Elizabethan Settlement tried to make both Protestants and Catholics happy.
What role did the Medicis play in the Renaissance?
They were political leaders in Italy who became patrons of the arts and literature.
What is the term associated with Calvin's idea that God had already decided which people would be saved?
What are 2 of the "solae" or "alone's" Luther believed in?
Faith alone, Scripture alone, Grace alone, Christ alone, Glory of God alone
How did the Jesuits help the Counter-Reformation?
The Jesuits helped develop the Index of Prohibited Books, educated others priests, and helped spread Catholicism all over the world, and set a good example.
Why did Elizabeth I become more strict concerning her religious policies towards the end of her reign?
Because of numerous Catholic plots against her and her kingdom.
Provide 2 facts about the printing press.
Increased literacy, spread ideas quickly, led to Protestant Reformation, invented by Johannes Gutenberg, used metal letters, created books more quickly which made them cheaper
Who was Petrarch?
Renaissance author and creator of humanism
List 4 specific causes of the Protestant Reformation
Kings envy the church's power, priests are corrupt and worldly, Renaissance teachings led people to question church teachings, people don't like their money going to Rome, etc.
List 2 ways the Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformation
Banning books, educating priests, creating new religious orders, affirming beliefs questioned by Protestants, etc.
List the 4 rulers of England during the English Reformation and what religion they followed.
Henry VIII- Catholic and Protestant
Edward VI- Protestant
Mary I- Catholic
Elizabeth I- Protestant
Provide 2 ways humanism was different from Medieval thought.
Medieval= Achievements come from God, religious education, mankind is born sinful
Renaissance= Achievements come from man's intelligence, call for practical education, mankind is born good
List 2 facts each about Medieval and Renaissance art.
Medieval: less realistic, solid background, bright colors, religious subjects, main subject front and center
Renaissance: realistic, nudity, religious, classical, and everyday subjects, depth, lighting and shadow, balance