Immigration
What were Immigrants trying to escape when coming to the U.S.?
No jobs, no land, diseases, too much competition, famine, poverty
What is a tenement?
Who was Jacob Riis
Photographer that took photos of the living conditions in tenements and public areas to show how immigrants were living
What is an example of a problem that Labor Reforms tried to solve?
high hours, low pay, dangerous conditions
What is a union?
Organization that workers pay to be in that fight for better working conditions
What was a pull factor Immigrants were told to come to the U.S.?
More jobs, higher pay, available land, rights, better housing
Too many people in one apartment
Poverty
worn down building
no ventilation
What issues was Jacob Riis trying to expose with his pictures of tenements and immigrants in the city?
Poverty, homelessness, depression
Why would workers fear to argue or demand higher pay from Industry Owners or managers?
Punishment like losing their jobs and being replaced
Why did the Knights of Labor want to take skilled, unskilled, women, men, immigrants, African Americans, etc etc?
Power in numbers, the more people that joined, the more power they had
How come immigrants settled in cities?
Not enough money to travel further outside of the city AND Most of the jobs were located in the city so they had to be nearby
Why were tenement buildings often crowded?
Families were poor and couldnt afford larger apartments and often had to bunk with other families to pay for rent
What book did Upton Sinclair write?
The Jungle
What level of jobs did children work?
Easy work that anyone could do that required no skill
Why did the AFL, American Federation or Labor only want Skilled Labors? What power did this give them?
By only having Skilled Labors, they had control over the best workers in the industries and had more bargaining power because these laborers could produce better and more product then unskilled laborers.
What was Ellis Island?
Immigration port where immigrants were documented as they entered the country
How could poverty affect what immigrant families were able to eat or buy?
They had to buy cheap filling foods that could be stretched over time
What industry did Upton Sinclair expose?
Meat Packing industry
Photographer that wanted to expose the bad working conditions of child labor
What are 3 ways labor unions can convince/ create better treatment of their workers
Strikes, Collective bargaining, and Political Action
What was a challenge Immigrants faced when arriving to America?
Lots of things, answers will vary
What problem Upton Sinclair trying to expose in the Jungle?
Initially bad working conditions for immigrants but would turn out to be the uncleanliness of food products
Who is Ida Tarbell and what did her efforts lead to?
A woman journalist (muckraker) who led to the Standard Oil Trust bust. Her work also inspired the movement of taking down trusts and the power that industries held