Books that Inspire Reform
A classic work by Mark Twain that revealed the greed, violence, and racism in American society.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
A movement in the 1880s and 1890s where Protestant clergy applied Christian principles to social problems by improving housing, raising wages, and supporting public health measures
Social Gospel
A settlement worker of Hull House in Chicago who created the foundation for the later job of social worker
Jane Addams
An architect who developed an "organic style of architecture that was in harmony with its natural surroundings, exemplified in his prairie-style houses
Frank Lloyd Wright
(negative factors from which people are fleeing) and (positive attractions of the adopted country)
Push and Pull Immigration
A naturalistic novel by Theodore Dreiser about a poor working girl in Chicago that shocked the moral sensibilities of the time.
Sister Carrie
An organization imported from England in 1879 that provided basic necessities to the homeless and the poor while preaching the Christian gospel
Salvation Army
A settlement worker who went on to a leadership role in President Franklin Roosevelt's reform program, the New Deal
Francis Perkins
A literary movement that focused on how emotions and experience shaped human experience, often highlighting the impact of a brutal environment on human life
Naturalism
Idea that immigrant groups quickly shed old-world characteristics in order to become successful citizens of their adopted country
A book published in 1879 by Henry George that discussed the alarming inequalities in wealth caused by industrialization and proposed a single tax on land as a solution to poverty.
Progress and Poverty
Founder of the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago in 1889, who helped generations of urban evangelists to adapt traditional Christianity to city life
Dwight Moody
A powerful political force founded in 1893 that persuaded 21 states to close down all saloons and bars by 1916
Anti-Saloon League
A style in literature and art that focused on depicting life in a matter-of-fact way, often showing everyday scenes and ordinary people rather than idealized subjects
Realism
Theory that the wealthy had a moral responsibility to carry out projects of civic philanthropy to help other members of society to better themselves and in turn improve society.
Gospel of Wealth
A novel by Jack London that portrayed the conflict between nature and civilization2
A Call of the Wild
A Catholic leader of Baltimore who inspired support of old and new immigrants by defending the Knights of Labor and the cause of organized labor.
Cardinal James Gibson
An organization founded in 1890 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony to secure the vote for women
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
A group of social realists, such as George Bellows, who painted scenes of everyday life in poor urban neighborhoods
Aschan School
Salaried employees whose jobs generally do not involve manual labor
White Collar Workers
A naturalistic novel by Stephen Crane that depicted how a brutal urban environment could destroy the lives of young people
Maggie: a Girl of the Streets
A Baptist minister who led the Social Gospel movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and worked in the poverty-stricken neighborhood of New York City called Hell's Kitchen
Walter Rauschenbusch
A reformer from Kansas who created a sensation by raiding saloons and smashing barrels of beer with a hatchet
Carry Nation
An urbanist who specialized in the planning of city parks and scenic boulevards, including Central Park in New York City, and considered the originator of landscape architecture
Frederick Law Olmsted
Acts that provided land grants to states to establish colleges.
The federal Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890