Biochemistry/Cells
The building blocks of protein
What are amino acids
Two kittens in a litter are genetically different from each other and from their parents. These genetic differences are most directly due to
(1) sexual reproduction (2) asexual reproduction (3) cloning (4) evolution
What is sexual reproduction
Identical twins may not look or act completely identical because of interactions between genes and _____
A genetic change that occurs in this type of cell can contribute to evolution
What is a gamete/reproductive cell/ egg or sperm
Temperature is considered a _____ factor in an ecosystem
What is abiotic
In this cell structure energy is extracted from nutrients
What is the mitochondria
Following fertilization, a zygote divides and soon becomes a multicelled embryo with many different cell types, a process known as
What is specialization (differentiation)
Protein synthesis is accomplished by two cell organelles: __________ and __________
What are the nucleus and the ribosomes
What is one situation in which evolution COULD occur
A. All members of a species are genetically identical
B. The environment is very stable
C. All members are well adapted to their environment
D. There is genetic variation and a changing environment
What is D. There is genetic variation and a changing environment
______trophic level contains the most energy in an ecosystem
A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rests in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to
(1) maintain homeostasis (2) detect variations (3) attract mates (4) obtain nutrients
What is (1) maintain homeostasis
Doctors often use certain medications to treat infections. A few people have a reaction to some of these medications, such as itching, swelling, or trouble breathing. This is an example of (1) using antibodies to cure a medical problem (2) the body’s immune system overreacting to a usually harmless substance (3) the body creating a mutation to fight unknown pathogens (4) a vaccine causing the body to produce antigens against the infection
What is (2) The body's immune system overreacting to a usually harmless substance
Traits are passed from parents to offspring. These traits are determined by _______ located on ______ found in the _________
(chromosomes, genes, nucleus)
genes, chromosomes, nucleus
How does the ability to produce 3000 to 6500 eggs benefit the species?
(1) More frogs to compete for limited resources. (2) More offspring are likely to survive and reproduce. (3) The offspring will be more widely distributed by fast-moving water. (4) The chances for asexual reproduction in the frogs will increase.
What is (2) more offspring are likely to survive and reproduce
Water plants --> Small invertebrates --> Clams
What are clams
Some viruses attack cells by attaching to their outer covering, entering, and taking over their genetic “machinery.” Viruses are able to invade cells after first attaching to their
1) nuclear membrane (3) genetic machinery (2) cell membrane (4) viral proteins
What is (2) cell membrane
It may be harmful when people compete to see who can hold their breath the longest under water. Without oxygen, brain cells
(1) cannot make enough ATP
(2) have too few mitochondria
(3) make too many enzymes
(4) have too much water
What is (1) cannot make enough ATP
Sexually reproducing organisms pass on genetic information as a
(1) long chain of amino acids (2) complex series of inorganic proteins (3) sequence of complex sugars (4) sequence of the bases A, T, C, and G
What is (4) sequence of bases A, T, C and G
Gene mutations can be caused by many things. These mutations are biologically important because they
(1) occur at a regular rate and therefore can be controlled
(2) can be passed to the offspring if they occur in any cell of the body
(3) are always harmful and therefore help to eliminate weak traits
(4) can result in a new variety of gene combinations in the species
What is (4) can result in a new variety of gene combinations in the species
Dodder plants consist of tangled masses of yellow, leafl ess vines and contain few chloroplasts. The vines twist around and grow into the stems of other plants and absorb water and nutrients from them. This form of symbiosis is called _____
What is parasitism
The substance responsible for breaking down the Venus fl ytrap’s prey most likely contains
(1) chlorophyll molecules (2) glucose molecules (3) hormone molecules (4) enzyme molecules
What is (4) enzyme molecules
A person who could not make ____ would have low blood sugar whereas a person who could not make _____ would have high blood sugar.
What are glucagon and insulin
In a DNA molecule, if 38% of the molecular bases are C (cytosine), what percent of the bases are T (thymine)? (1) 12 (3) 38 (2) 24 (4) 62
What is (1) 12 %
What is common ancestor
Many bacteria and fungi are important in the environment because they
(1) return energy to the environment, making it available for plants (2) recycle nutrients, making them available for other organisms (3) produce glucose through the process of respiration (4) reverse the fl ow of energy in the ecosystem
What is (2) recycle nutrients