Cells
This organelle produces proteins.
Ribosome
Name this process and the types of organisms who need it.
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
Cellular reproduction
Plants & Animals
Put these terms in order from smallest to largest:
nucleus, gene, chromosome, cell
gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell
Why type of reproduction is cloning?
Asexual reproduction (mitosis)
A student hypothesized that the heart rate of his classmates would increase after drinking Celsius.
Define the independent variable, dependent variable, experimental group, and control group.
IV: Drinking Celsius or not
DV: Heart rate
EG: Students drinking Celsius
CG: Students not drinking Celsius
Which cell structure is mainly responsible for releasing/creating energy from food molecules in some single-celled organisms?
Mitochondria
Name this process and the types of organisms who need it.
carbon dioxide + water → oxygen + glucose
Photosynthesis
Plants
A DNA segment originally contained the base sequence G-T-C-C-A-T-G-C-A. After a mutation during DNA replication, the base sequence was G-T-C-C-A-T.
Name the type of mutation.
Deletion
Sexual reproduction
Enzymes can become denatured due to what factors?
temperature and pH
The basic building blocks of a protein are _______
amino acids
What organelles are involved in cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Sperm and egg cells are created through the process of _________.
Once an embryo is formed, it will continue to grow through the process of ________.
sperm/egg: meiosis
embryo: mitosis
During a woman’s menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs and an egg is released. Where will the egg potentially become fertilized by a sperm cell?
Fallopian tubes
Describe the difference between quantitative and qualitative data.
Quantitative: data in numbers
Qualitative: observations (non-numerical)
Explain why patients with a mitochondrial disease experience tiredness/lack of energy.
If the mitochondria is not working properly, it will not produce energy (ATP).
Explain in terms of cellular respiration why humans' breathing rate and pulse rate increase when they're in danger.
A gene contains 20% Adenine (A) bases. What is the percentage of Cytosine (C) bases in that gene?
30%
A normal body cell of an elephant contains 56 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be present in a gamete and a skin cell of an elephant?
Gamete: 28
Skin cell: 56
Enzymes are what type of biochemical molecule?
protein
If the concentration of sodium is greater inside a cell than outside the cell, what process could move sodium out of the cell?
Diffusion (movement of molecules from high to low concentration)
Brain damage can start within 3 to 5 minutes of oxygen deprivation. Why is oxygen needed for brain cells?
To produce ATP to make the cells function properly.
Genetic engineering utilizes bacterial cells for what purpose?
To produce a human protein (from human DNA inserted into a bacteria cell)
What disadvantage do organisms that only reproduce asexually face?
Lack of variation may limit survival
An individual inherited a new variation in a gene that codes for the production of lactase. In what instance will that variation be passed on to the offspring?
If the change in DNA is in a parents' gamete (sperm or egg cell)