Cells
This organelle contains DNA and is the location of transcription.
the nucleus
Before mitosis can occur, DNA has to undergo this process.
DNA replication
Each of the cells present in a woman contains a complete set of chromosomes. The only exceptions are:
her egg cells (gametes)
The basic building block of DNA is called:
a nucleotide
Curveball!! Give me an example of a hypothesis that can be tested through experimentation
If [ ] happens, then [ ].
Ex. If temperature increases, then the rate of growth of my bacteria will also increase.
This organelle regulates which substances are let in and out of the cell.
the cell membrane
What is DNA called when it is undergoing mitosis? How is it organized? (same answer)
chromosomes
One result of the ability of organisms to detect and appropriately respond to stimuli is:
homeostasis/dynamic equilibrium
The removal of a short sequence of nitrogenous bases from a gene in DNA would most directly affect:
the shape of the protein molecule
An enzyme that rapidly breaks down a protein molecule in the stomach breaks down that same protein much more slowly in the small intestine or mouth. This is because:
The environment in the stomach is different than that of the small intestine; the stomach is much more acidic (lower pH).
This type of cell is undifferentiated, meaning it can become multiple types of specific cells.
stem cell
prophase
If oxygen levels in a lake decrease, the average body size of fish in that lake would:
decrease because there would not be enough oxygen to support the energy requirements of a larger body size
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They are commonly named using the following method: [biological molecule being broken] + ase. Given this information, what does a protease do?
breaks down proteins
Sexually reproduced offspring have traits similar to their parents because they receive
50% of DNA from mom and 50% of DNA from dad
The removal of mitochondria from a typical animal cell would have an immediate effect on the cell’s production of
ATP (energy)
This is not technically a phase of mitosis. It occurs after the DNA has already been divided and two new nuclei have formed. During this phase, the cytoplasm divides and the cell splits in two, creating two daughter cells.
cytokinesis
Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process known as binary fission. In binary fission, the bacterium’s single chromosome is copied and the cell splits in half, with each new cell receiving a copy of the chromosome. This process is much faster than sexual reproduction The biggest advantage that binary fission often has over sexual reproduction is:
a large number of offspring are produced
This protein is a hormone produced by the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels.
insulin
When a person is threatened, the pituitary gland releases a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to release stress hormones. These stress hormones can cause a temporary increase in heart rate. This is an example of:
a feedback mechanism
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by weakness of the skeletal muscles. It occurs when normal communication between nerve and muscle cells is interrupted. The weakness is likely due to:
the failure of receptor molecules on the muscle to receive the chemical produced by nerve cells
anaphase
Evidence suggests that a large meteorite hit Earth 65 million years ago, causing a layer of dust to block the Sun, cooling the planet. It is estimated that 70% of all plant and animal species, including the dinosaurs, died off as a result. The best explanation for the deaths of these organisms is that
The amount of energy in the biosphere (all living things) was decreased
CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful system that bacteria use to cut and remove DNA from invading viruses. Using CRISPR/Cas9, researchers have successfully corrected a disease-causing mutation for muscular dystrophy in laboratory mice. Correcting the harmful mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 is an example of:
genetic engineering
PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction, is a method for carrying out DNA replication. In order to perform this technique, a scientist would need:
a DNA template, enzymes, and subunits with A, G, T, and C bases