Terminology
Stimulus change that increases future frequency of behavior it precedes
What is a reinforcer?
A company is working to increase longevity of staff. This schedule is implemented so an employee earns a bonus after an unpredictable period of time working for the company
What is variable interval schedule?
This type of reinforcer is naturally reinforcing without needing to be learned, such as food or water
What is an unconditioned reinforcer?
An unwanted effect in which reinforced behavior occurs in the presence of too many similar stimuli
What is over generalization?
Removal of a stimulus that increases future responding
What is negative reinforcement?
Effect of a stimulus change resulting in an increase in behavior
What is reinforcing?
This schedule reinforces behavior after unpredictable numbers of responses, making it the schedule most associated with gambling.
What is variable ratio?
A conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many conditioned and unconditioned reinforcers
What is a generalized reinforcer?
When reinforcement is delivered too often regardless of behavior, this unwanted effect may occur, reducing the value of the reinforcer.
What is satiation?
Two types of negative reinforcement
What is avoidance and escape?
A strategy that involves selectively rewarding desired behaviors while withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors
What is differential reinforcement?
Schedule with the steadiest rate of responding
What is variable interval?
Money is an example of this type of reinforcer.
Generalized reinforcement
The effects of a schedule change that increases or decreases the rate of responding in one schedule of reinforcement and results in an opposite change of responding in the other schedule of reinforcement where no intervention has been put into place.
What is behavioral contrast?
Edible, attention, tangible, social and sensory are all types of this reinforcement
What is positive reinforcement?
Using a high-probability behavior (a preferred activity) to reinforce a low-probability behavior (a less preferred task)
What is the Premack principle?
Schedule with a scalloped pattern of responding
What is fixed interval?
In operant conditioning, this process explains how neutral stimuli gain reinforcing value through association.
What is conditioning? OR What is stimulus stimulus pairing?
A behavior that continues for a long time after reinforcement stops demonstrates resistance to this process.
What is extinction?
Two types of avoidance
What is discriminated and free operant?
Direct, systematic, test designed to show how effective/powerful a stimulus is at increasing behaviors that it follows.
What is a reinforcer assessment?
Schedule with the fastest rate of skill acquisition
What is fixed ratio?
This type of reinforcer loses effectiveness if it is no longer paired with a backup reinforcer.
What is a conditioned reinforcer?
A therapist tells a child "stop yelling," immediately giving attention each time the child yells, unintentionally strengthening the behavior. This is an example of what type of reinforcer?
What is bootleg reinforcement?
A student is no longer required to complete extra problems after consistently scoring above 90% on quizzes.
What is negative reinforcement?