Key Terms/Events
This term refers to the search for direction and personal experience with the divine, leading to union with God’s love and will
What is mysticism?
This is a German theologian who challenged the Catholic practice of selling indulgences
Who is Martin Luther?
This is a journey taken to a holy site
What is a pilgrimage?
This is the year of the Great Schism, which split the Western (Roman Catholic) Church split from the Eastern (Orthodox) Church
What is 1054?
This text was primarily concerned with opposing the selling of indulgences
What is The 95 Theses?
This treaty established in 1648; allowed rulers to choose between Catholicism, Lutheranism, and Calvinism
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
This is a Czech proto-reformer who embraced vernacular Bible translation and rejected the papacy as a human institution
Who is Jan Hus?
This mendicant monastic order emphasized study and preaching, including searching for heretics
What are the Dominicans?
This is one of the aims of the Crusades
What is unite the Eastern and Western Churches, regain the Holy Land, and stall the advance of Islam?
This is a French theologian who worked primarily in Geneva; previously pursued a career as a lawyer
Who is John Calvin?
This is the council where the central events of the Catholic Reformation occurred
What is the Council of Trent?
This is a Swiss theologian who worked primarily in Zürich; initiated reforms that were primarily moral and institutional
Who is Huldrych Zwingli?
This is a medieval theologian who emphasized believing in order to understand; author of Proslogion
Who is Anselm?
The sacking of __________________ was a key and infamous event in the Fourth Crusade
What is Constantinople?
This is the monarch who precipitated the English Reformation
Who is Henry VIII?
This is the event where Martin Luther stated, “Here I stand,” and was condemned as a heretic
What is the Diet of Worms?
This is a Spaniard and former soldier who founded the Jesuit order
Who is Ignatius of Loyola?
This was a system of medieval theology that aimed to reconcile Christian doctrine with human reason and to systematically arrange Christian teaching
What is scholasticism?
This is the papal office that was established for identifying and interrogating heretics
What is the Inquisition?
This is a former Catholic priest who became an Anabaptist; very influential among later Anabaptists
Who is Menno Simons?
This term names the period when the pope moved from Italy to France
What is "Avignon Captivity"/"Avignon Papacy"?
This is a Spanish mystic who helped to reform the Carmelite order; author of The Interior Castle
Who is Teresa of Avila?
This is four of the seven sacraments of Medieval Catholicism
What are baptism, confirmation, confession, communion, marriage, holy orders, and holy unction/last rites?
This is the pope who called for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont
Who is Urban II?
Martin Luther advocated for sola ________, sola _________, and sola ____________.
What is fide, gratia, and scriptura?