DEFINING OR NON-DEFINING
The scientist who invented the solar panel changed the way we produce energy.
DEFINING
USE THAT WHEN POSSIBLE
REMOVE THE PRONOUN WHEN POSSIBLE
The engineer ________ designed this bridge is famous worldwide.
The engineer that (who) designed this bridge is famous worldwide.
My sister, that lives next door, is an environmental engineer.
My sister, who lives next door, is an environmental engineer.
The engineer is famous.
She designed this solar panel.
The engineer who designed this solar panel is famous.
The scientist works at NASA.
She invented a device that cleans oil spills.
The scientist who works at NASA invented a device that cleans oil spills.
Renewable energy, which is becoming more affordable, is essential for the future.
NON-DEFINING
USE THAT WHEN POSSIBLE
REMOVE THE PRONOUN WHEN POSSIBLE
Solar energy, ________ is becoming more affordable every year, will replace fossil fuels in many countries.
Solar energy, which is becoming more affordable every year, will replace fossil fuels in many countries.
The scientist which discovered this renewable energy source won a major award.
The scientist who discovered this renewable energy source won a major award.
The city is investing in wind energy.
It is located near the coast.
The city which is located near the coast is investing in wind energy.
The solar farm produces a lot of energy.
It is located in the desert.
The solar farm which is located in the desert produces a lot of energy.
The engineer I met at the conference is developing a new type of battery.
DEFINING
USE THAT WHEN POSSIBLE
REMOVE THE PRONOUN WHEN POSSIBLE
The book ________ was discussed in class explains how artificial intelligence can help the environment.
The book that (which) was discussed in class explains how artificial intelligence can help the environment.
The scientists developed a new formula for biodegradable plastics which could reduce ocean pollution significantly.
The scientists developed a new formula for biodegradable plastics, which could reduce ocean pollution significantly.
I met a scientist yesterday.
He discovered a new method to clean polluted water.
I met a scientist yesterday who discovered a new method to clean polluted water.
I met an engineer yesterday.
He is developing biodegradable batteries.
I met an engineer yesterday who is developing biodegradable batteries.
She presented a project on biodegradable plastics, which could reduce ocean pollution significantly.
NON-DEFINING
USE THAT WHEN POSSIBLE
REMOVE THE PRONOUN WHEN POSSIBLE
Dr. Silva, ________ I admire a lot, created a machine that recycles plastic bottles.
Dr. Silva, who I admire a lot, created a machine that recycles plastic bottles.
The scientist discovered a new energy source won an award.
The scientist who discovered a new energy source won an award.
The company is creating a new recycling system.
The system will reduce plastic waste by 50%.
The company is creating a new recycling system that will reduce plastic waste by 50%.
The government approved a new recycling law.
The law will reduce plastic waste by 60%.
The government approved a new recycling law that will reduce plastic waste by 60%.
The students who are interested in robotics joined a project, which is funded by the government.
DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING
USE THAT WHEN POSSIBLE
REMOVE THE PRONOUN WHEN POSSIBLE
The students ________ I told you about yesterday are building a robot that cleans beaches.
The students I told you about yesterday are building a robot that cleans beaches.
The students that I spoke with them are developing an app to reduce food waste.
The students that I spoke with are developing an app to reduce food waste.
The students won a prize.
They built a robot that cleans beaches.
The prize was given by the city council.
The students who built a robot that cleans beaches won a prize, which was given by the city council.
The students won a science award.
They created a smart irrigation system.
The award ceremony was held in the city hall.
The students who created a smart irrigation system won a science award, which was held in the city hall.