What is Protestantism?
Who founded Protestantism?
Martin Luther.
Why did the Catholic Reformation start?
The church wanted to fix corruption and respond to the spread of Catholicism.
Explain what the “Enlightenment” was.
A time when people focused on science, rational thought, and new ideas.
What year did the French Revolution begin?
It began in 1789.
Who was Saint Francis de Sales
He was a teacher and bishop known for spreading the faith in a gentle way.
Difference compared to Catholicism?
Protestants believe that the Bible alone is the main authority, while Catholics follow church leadership.
What was the role of the council of Trent?
It clarified Church teachings and formed Church practices.
Who were some famous Enlightenment thinkers?
John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquie, and Roussea.
What were the Three Estates in France?
Clergy, Nobles, and Common people, going from First, Second, and Third.
What religious community did Saint Jane de Chantal help found?
She helped start the Visitation Order of Nuns
Role of the Printing Press?
It made Bible pamphlets cheaper and easier to spread to many people.
Reaction to the Spread of Protestantism?
The church defended it’s beliefs and corrected many abuses.
What did famous Enlightenment thinkers think?
They believed people should use reason and observation instead of just tradition.
Why were the common people of France unhappy?
Because they paid high taxes and, in the end, suffered while the rich and nobility prospered.
Why was St. Peter Cansius important in spreading faith.
He wrote books and catechisms to help teach people about faith.
How it Challenged the Catholic Church
Protestants believe that people are saved by faith alone, and not by buying indulgence.
Importance of new religious orders?
They spread the faith through teaching, preaching, and missionary work.
How did the Enlightenment challenge the power of kings?
It challenged the religious basis of “the Divine Right of Kings” that monarchies used to justify their existence.
What was the role of the storming of the Bastille?
It was a symbol of the common people rising up and rebelling, and gaining the strength to fight and defend themselves.
How did Saint Robert Bellarmine defend the faith?
He wrote books and taught clearly to explain and protect church teachings.
How it changed people’s everyday lives in Europe?
People read the Bible more, questioned old traditions, and worshipped in new ways.
How it affected Europe as a whole?
Art became more religious, schools improved, and daily worship grew stronger.
What were the benefits that stemmed from the Enlightenmen?
People began to support democracy, equality, and basic humans rights.
How did this Revolution change and influence ideas across all of Europe.
It spread ideas of equality, liberty, and democracy, showing that the people could rise up if oppressed.
How did Saint Charles Borromeo help strengthen the church.
He reformed seminaries, trained priests, and worked to improve methods of church teaching and leadership.