Protestant Reformation
He is usually regarded as launching the Protestant Reformation with his criticisms of the Catholic Church
The renewed interest in learning and spread of information during the Renaissance helped cause what other major movement in Europe during the 1500s
Protestant Reformation
This was the main social structure in Medieval Europe, where it was very difficult to move up or down in status
Feudalism
This Gutenberg invention made the spread of information much faster in the Renaissance and Reformation
Printing Press
Martin Luther nailed these to the door of a church in Germany to launch the Protestant Reformation
95 Theses
This English King was important for the Protestant Reformation in England because he broke from the Catholic Church when they would not allow him to get a divorce from his first wife
Henry VIII
This unit of organization was the primary form of society in Renaissance Italy, the most important of which was Florence
city-state
This disease killed nearly one third of Europe and led to major loss of faith in the guidance of the Catholic Church
Bubonic Plague (Black Plague)
This key feature of the Middle Ages separated land into fenced in parcels to make farming easier - and also displaced many serfs from their homes
Enclosure System
This book by Niccolo Machiavelli told Lorenze di Medici how to gain and keep power (hint: better to be feared than loved)
The Prince
This practice, where the Church would issue forgiveness of sins for a small fee, is one of the main issues Martin Luther rejected in his reform movement
Sale of Indulgences
He developed the ideas of Humanism, which became a central philosophy during the Renaissance
Desidirius Erasmus
These wars fought between Christian kingdoms and Islamic powers were mostly about the control of Jerusalem as a holy city
The Crusades
The development of these groups in Medieval Europe created better standards for trade and quality of work in specialized trades
Guilds
Voyages and exploration to other parts of the world were heavily influenced by what European era in which people desired new information and ideas?
Renaissance
This Swiss reformer believed in the principle of predestination
John Calvin
While religious and Greek subjects were often used in Renaissance art, this technique gave the paintings of the era an appearance of dimension and motion
Linear perspective
This was the structure of land distribution during the Middle Ages, where a lord lived in the "Big House" in service of the King, and everyone else worked for the lord
Manorialism
The development of this language technique in writing made it easier for average people to understand the Bible, and made Shakespeare a very popular playwright
Vernacular
Which events (wars) of the Middle Ages led to a major cultural and scientific exchange between Europe and Asia?
The Crusades
This was one of the primary philosophies of Martin Luther on how a Christian could find salvation, which ran contrary to the teachings of the Catholic Church
Sola Fide (faith alone)
This ancient location was the inspiration for many Renaissance works, after their texts were discovered by Europeans traveling through the Islamic World
Greece
This system declined in Europe as a result of the Crusades and the Plague, mostly because of the loss of human life from fighting and disease
Feudalism
This Chinese invention made the use of printed material easier and cheaper to produce
Paper
Multiple new religious groups and denominations were formed as a result of what era in European history?
Protestant Reformation