Masters of the Italian Renaissance
This Renaissance Man painted the Mona Lisa and left behind notebooks filled with futuristic inventions like flying machines and tanks.
Who was Leonardo da Vinci?
Invented by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, this technology allowed Renaissance ideas to spread rapidly across Europe.
What was the printing press?
What are the 95 Theses?
He broke England away from the Catholic Church and created the Church of England because the Pope refused to annus his first marriage.
Who was King Henry VIII?
Niccolo Machiavelli wrote this ruthless political handbook, arguing that for a ruler, it is much better to be feared than loved.
What is The Prince?
He spent four years on his back painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, though he always considered himself a sculptor first.
Who was Michelangelo?
Who was William Shakespeare?
The Reformation began largely as a protest against the Catholic Church's sale of these certificates, which promised forgiveness for sins.
What are indulgences?
Operating out of Geneva, Switzerland, this French theologian wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion and emphasized absolute divine sovereignty.
Who was John Calvin?
To address corruption and redefine Catholic doctrines in response to Protestantism, the Catholic Church convened this series of meetings between 1445 and 1563.
What was the Council of Trent?
This Florentine master brought incredible depth to the early Renaissane with works like the Birth of Venus and Primavera.
Who was Sandro Botticelli?
This German portraitst became the official court painter for King Henry VIII of England, capturing the famous, imposing likeness of the King and his wives.
Who was Hans Holbein the Younger?
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V declared Martin Luther an outlaw at this formal assembly and trial in 1521.
What was the Diet of Worms?
This central doctrine of Calvinism states that God has already determined from the beginning of time who will be saved and who will be damned.
What is predestination?
This wealthy Florentine banking family used their massive fortune to act as the primary patrons of the arts during the Italian Renaissance.
Who were the Medici's?
A century before Luther, this reformer spoke out against church wealth and was burned at the stake, becoming an early martyr for the cause.
Who was Jan Hus?
Meaning "re-baptizers," this radical Protestant group rejected infant baptism, advocated for strict pacifism, and faced persecution from both Catholics and other Protestants.
This intellectual movement focused on human potential and achievements through the study of classical Greek and Roman texts, shifting focus away from strictly medieval scholasticism.
What is humanism?
This Renaissance architect solved a massive engineering puzzle by desigining the famous self-supporting brick dome for the Florence Cathedral.
Who was Filippo Brunelleschi?
This phrase represents the central Lutheran theological concept that humans are saved by faith alone, not by good deeds or buying indulgences.
What is Sola Fide?
This 1555 treaty temporarily ended religious warfare in the Holy Roman Empire by allowing each local prince to choose whether their land would be Catholic or Lutheran.
What was the Peace of Augsburg?
This official Catholic list of banned publications included works by Erasmus, Luther, and Galileo, and was maintained until 1996.
What was the Index of Forbidden Books (Index Librorum Prohibitorum)?