Vernacular Vocabulary
What are indulgences?
People wanted to be remembered as famous individuals and so had these painted or sculpted for them.
What are portraits?
Luther posted these on the door of the Wittenburg Church, his criticisms of the Church in Rome.
What are the 95 Theses?
Copernicus's research and discovery contradicted geocentric theory, which said that this was the center of the universe.
What is the earth?
The modern Vatican in Rome is led by this individual.
Who is the pope?
What is excommunication?
Renaissance people saw value in studying the culture of classical civilization, which is represented by these two ancient civilizations.
What are ancient Greece and Rome?
The main difference between Lutheranism and Calvinism, is the Calvinist belief in this, which means that God already determined who will be going to heaven.
What is predestination?
English chemist who is credited with discovering that matter is composed of tiny particles that behave in knowable ways.
Who is Robert Boyle?
This was the title of the man, crowned by the pope, to rule several different territories in Germany, Austria, and Hungary.
What is the Holy Roman Emperor?
Erasmus, the Dutch priest and humanist scholar, recommended translating Bibles into this, which is the common language of the people, such as English, Spanish, or German, for example.
What is the vernacular?
To produce more realistic pictures like the Last Supper, Renaissance artists used perspective and added chiaroscuro, which is a fancy expression for this.
What is adding/using shading?
This is how the Catholic Church ultimately responded to the challenges of the Protestant Reformation.
What is having the Catholic Reformation/Counter-Reformation?
This art technique was discovered, where objects get smaller and smaller as they go in the distance. It gave Renaissance art its more realistic sense of depth.
What is perspective?
Famous Florentine family of Cosimo, Piero, and Lorenzo who were the de facto leaders of their city-state.
Who are the Medicis?
A government that is run by religious leaders.
What is a theocracy?
Intellectual movement that focused on education and learning about classical cultures.
What is humanism?
This is the idea that God already knows the people who are destined to believe and go to heaven as well as those who will not believe and go to hell.
What is predestination?
This invention, which helped Johann Gutenberg print the first Bible in his workshop, helped to spread new ideas such as Luther's 95 Theses.
What is the printing press?
In addition to being the founder of major Protestant branch, he was the leader of a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland.
Who is John Calvin?
This is a word of the day, which talked about the importance of experimentation and observation. It was credited to Francis Bacon, a famous scientist during the Scientific Revolution.
What is empiricism?
What is a Renaissance Man?
What are Protestant churches?
The invention of this type of paint allowed painters such as Raphael, Leonardo, and Titian of Venice to add richer colors and more detail to their work.
What is oil painting?
He became the leader of the Church of England or Anglican Church?
Who is Henry VIII?