Important Figures
This person abdicated the position as the Holy Roman Emperor in 1555 and fought the German Lutheran Schmalkaldic League which resulted in the 1555 Peace of Augsburg.
Who is Charles V?
This religion was the first protestant religion. People of this religion believe humans are saved from their sins by God’s grace alone (Sola Gratia), through faith alone (Sola Fide), and on the basis of scripture alone (Sola Scriptura).
What is Lutheranism?
This war was the final great religious war between Catholics and Protestants. It involved most of Europe and resulted in economic catastrophe, widespread famine, starvation, and disease. It ended with the Peace of Westphalia, which allowed the Holy Roman Empire to choose Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism.
What is the 30 Years War?
This family produced 5 sovereigns of England. Consists of Henry VII (reigned 1485–1509); his son, Henry VIII (1509–47); followed by Henry VIII’s three children, Edward VI (1547–53), Mary I (1553–58), and Elizabeth I (1558–1603). They ruled the Anglican church.
Who are the Tudors?
This mural depicts the final meal Jesus shares with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. It was made by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci in 1495-1598 during the Renaissance.
What is the Last Supper?
This person was the King of England from 1625-1649 and initiated the English Civil War (1642-1646) against Parliament, which resulted in the King's decapitation.
Who is Charles I?
These people believed that it was necessary to be in a covenant relationship with God in order to be redeemed from one’s sinful condition, that God had chosen to reveal salvation through preaching, and that the Holy Spirit was the energizing instrument of salvation. They supported Parliament during the English civil war.
Who are Puritans?
This was is also known as the Puritan Revolution. It began in 1642 and ended in 1651. The two sides, the Parliamentarians and the Royalists, battled for the position of England's governance and issues of religious freedom.
What is the English Civil War?
This person is most well known for divorcing and beheading six wives because they could not bear sons. Created the religion Anglicanism because the Pope would not allow divorce.
Who is Henry VIII?
One of the most famous paintings in the world, created by Leonardo da Vinci. One of the most unusual factors in this painting is that the face is painted to be an optical illusion through shadow work and perspective. This allows the viewer to see the face directly, since da Vinci painted the eyes to be in the viewer’s central vision.
What is the Mona Lisa?
This person is the son of Charles V and defended Catholicism against Muslims and Protestants. Tried to conquer England but the English defeated the Spanish Armada.
Who is Phillip II?
This religion was created by Henry VIII because the Pope would not let him divorce his wife. This church is one that would be free of control by the Pope of Rome and people that believe in this religion refer to the Church of England instead.
What is Anglicanism?
This war was a series of conflicts that went on between France and England, fighting about who should get the throne of France.
What is the Hundred Years War?
This person was born a peasant and is now a Catholic saint, often called “the Maid of Orléans”. Dressed as a man and played the part of a warrior. Was charged with heresy, witchcraft and violating divine law for dressing like a man and was burned at the stake.
Who is Joan of Arc?
This is the third largest Christian communion following the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. It was created in 1867 in London, and has 85 million+ members within the Church of England and other national and regional churches in full communion as of late.
What is the Anglican Church?
This person was a French theologian who broke with the Catholic church around 1530 and believed in the idea of predestination.
Who is John Calvin?
These people are members or followers of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation.
Who are protestants?
This treaty merged the names of the two treaties signed in 1648 to mark the end of the 30 Years’ War and created peace in the Roman Empire] These treaties were signed between the cities of Osnabrück and Münster.
What is the Treaty of Westphalia?
This person was the was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots, who was descended from Henry VII’s daughter, Margaret. Took the title of King of Scotland for 36 years before becoming King of England.
Who is James I?
This is a 2-Part Question:
A 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.
This was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. It began with the Council of Trent and largely ended with the conclusion of the European wars of religion in 1648.
What is the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation?
This is a 2-Part Question:
This person was a monk in Wittenberg who objected the sale of indulgences. Wrote the 95 Theses and formed the first Protestant Church. Also translated the Bible into German.
Condemned the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. Apparently nailed to the Castle Church of Wittenberg, Germany. Emphasized disgust in the selling of indulgences. Caused the Protestant Reformation.
Who is Martin Luther and the 95 Theses?
These people were a religious order of the Catholic Church created in Rome. It was founded by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions after Pope Paul III gave them permission in 1540. Also called "God's soldiers" or "God's marines"
Who are the Jesuits?
This form of government is "a compound of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by a body of fundamental law." It is the foundation of good governance and democracy today as it creates necessary checks and balances on the use of excessive state power.
What is Constitutionalism?
This person was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers, and was known as “The Father of Liberalism.” Believed that the race of men were all born equally good, but could change to evil over time because of reason and tolerance. Famous rights were “life, liberty, property.”
Who is John Locke?
Was a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries. This word literally means rebirth, and that is what Europeans did with Greek and Roman art, they recognized the beauty of the architecture and art in general, so they decided to live like the ancient Greeks and Romans, and were more interested in human achievement rather than religion. There is some debate whether it really happened or not.
What was the Renaissance?