Changing World
The revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe following the Middle Ages is known as the
Renaissance
What is the phrase to describe a person with many talents or areas of knowledge?
Renaissance Man
Define heresy.
Belief or opinion that went against traditional Catholic beliefs
The religious movement that attempted to reform the Roman Catholic Church was known as the ___________________.
Protestant Reformation
The intellectual movement that laid the groundwork for modern science was known as the ___________________.
Scientific Revolution
Define vernacular.
Everyday language of the common people
Renaissance art often took inspiration from what two ancient civilizations?
Greece
What were indulgences?
Money paid to the Church to be pardoned and/or receive lesser punishment for one's sins
What was the main cause of the Protestant Reformation?
Corruption within the Catholic Church
Galileo used new technology to develop a better ______________.
Telescope
Fill in the blank: Humanists focused on __________ subjects rather than religious subjects.
Secular
What were TWO features of Renaissance art?
Fill in the blank: Christians who protested the Catholic Church were known as ____________________.
Protestants
What often happened to women who were accused of being witches?
Tried for heresy
Many killed (burned at the stake)
What theory did Nicolaus Copernicus propose?
Heliocentric theory (sun-centered universe)
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? (TWO reasons)
Geography– near trade routes
History– center of ancient Rome
Politics– lack of solid leadership
Church– wealthy Catholic Church funded art + learning
How was art from the Middle Ages different than art from the Renaissance?
Middle Ages = Not realistic or detailed, Religious, Gothic architecture
Renaissance = Realistic/Detailed, Humanism, Rounded architecture, Greek/Roman inspo
Why did Henry VIII create the Church of England?
He wanted to divorce his wife and divorce was not allowed in the Catholic Church
What was Martin Luther’s stance on the sale of indulgences?
Criticized sale of indulgences
Corrupt
Faith achieved through salvation alone
Went against teachings of the Bible
What was ONE of Isaac Newton’s accomplishments or discoveries?
Gravity
Scientific Laws of Motion
Calculus
Linked math and science
What were TWO effects of the printing press?
Mass production of books across Europe
More people learned to read and write
Books produced quicker
New books reflected humanist and secular culture
During the Renaissance, how did people challenge the status quo?
-Focus on secular topics
-Created art/literature about human interests or values (Humanism)
-Studied human body
What was ONE example of corruption within the Catholic Church?
Church became increasingly involved in politics (EX: Crusades)
Popes lived lavish lives and charged people for marriages/ baptisms
Sold indulgences
Those who spoke out against Church were charged with heresy
What was one effect of the Protestant Reformation?
Drew attention to corruption in Church → reforms
Division in Christianity→ Catholic vs. Protestant
Bible translated into vernacular
Religious persecution of non- Christians
Increased skepticism
What were TWO causes of the Scientific Revolution?
Humanism → interest in education and studying humans
Inquiry → people questioning the world around them
Technology → new inventions