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100

The theory of gravity, which helps explain the movement of the planets, was developed by the scientist

Newton.

100

_________ believed that salvation is achieved through faith alone.

Martin Luther

100

What was the main goal of the Jesuits during the Counter-Reformation?

to reform the Catholic Church

100

________________ believed that God predetermines who will be saved.

John Calvin

100

What idea that emerged as a result of the Protestant Reformation is also reflected in modern democratic governments?

self-government

200

One reason why Italy became the birthplace of the Renaissance was that ___________________. 

feudalism was not as firmly established in Italy as in other countries.

200

What did Leonardo da Vinci do in his paintings that reflect the new ideas and techniques of Renaissance art? (2 answers)

realistic depiction of human figures, and use of linear perspective

200

How did growing secularism influence European writers during the Renaissance?

They wrote more books about non-religious subjects.

200

Feudalism grew weaker when _____________. 

trade and industry grew

200

Why is William Tyndale an important figure in Reformation history?

His translation allowed people to read the Bible in English.

300

“It is certain that when the penny jingles into the money-box, gain, and avarice [greed] can be increased, but the result of the intercession [prayer on behalf of another person] of the Church is in the power of God alone.” What two important features of Luther’s teachings are expressed in this thesis?  

The sale of indulgences leads to corruption, Only God can give salvation.

300

One of the Catholic Church’s goals in holding the Council of Trent was to _________________________. 

stop the spread of Protestant ideas.

300

How did the Peace of Augsburg change Germany?

It turned Germany into a group of states that followed different religions.

300

How does the map help explain why the Renaissance began in Italy?

Major trade routes went through Italy.

300
  1. In 2008, the world population is about 6,760,000,000. Write the 2008 world population in scientific notation.

6.76 109