Origins & Society
This institution controlled education and information before the Renaissance.
What is the Catholic Church?
This astronomer developed the heliocentric theory, placing the sun at the center of the universe.
Who is Copernicus?
This philosophy emphasized human potential, achievements, and the study of classical texts.
What is humanism?
These payments to the Catholic Church supposedly reduced punishment for sins.
What are indulgences?
Machiavelli believed leaders should be __what__ by their subjects?
What is feared?
The Renaissance began in this modern-day country.
What is Italy?
Maps improved during the Renaissance due to better knowledge of this subject and mathematical techniques.
What is geography/cartography?
OR what is navigation?
Renaissance art showed this 3-dimensional depth, unlike the flat, religious-only art of the Middle Ages.
What is linear perspective?
This German monk started the Protestant Reformation by posting his 95 Theses in 1517.
Who is Martin Luther?
This exchange of goods, animals, diseases, and people between Europe and the Americas transformed both continents.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
An example of cross-cultural interaction: this innovation came to Europe from China and transformed warfare.
What is gunpowder?
Improved navigational technology led European countries to do what?
What is increase trade and exploration in search of raw resources and wealth.
The first book printed in Spanish by the printing press.
What is Don Quixote by Miguel Cirvantes?
Luther's protests against indulgences and Church corruption, combined with printing press technology, caused this major split.
Economic crisis, inequality, Enlightenment ideas about rights, and an unpopular monarchy caused this revolution.
What is the French Revolution?
The growth of cities and growth of the middle class, the centralization of power under kings, and new weapon technology led to the decline of this medieval system.
What is feudalism?
This Italian explorer led an expedition for Spain to try and reach Asia, but instead found the Americas.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
The shift to realistic human bodies and emotion in art reflected what changes in Renaissance society?
What is realism and human expression?
The printing press weakened whose's power by spreading ideas widely and making the Bible accessible to common people?
Who is the Catholic Church?
These two Enlightenment thinkers believed governments should protect natural rights and derive power from consent of the governed.
Who are John Locke and Jean Jacques Rosseau?
These two ancient civilizations heavily influenced Renaissance art, architecture, and philosophy.
Who are Greece and Rome?
These two navigational technologies—one for direction, one for position—improved ocean travel.
What are the compass and astrolabe?
This Renaissance painting technique emphasized light and shadow.
What is chiaoscuro?
This inventor's creation in 1440 allowed for mass production of books and weakened Church control of information.
Johann Gutenberg
What effect did defined borders, a permanent population, and sovereign governments have on Europe?
What is a move towards centralized governments under kings?