RENAISSANCE CULTURE & ART
Which Northern Renaissance painter became famous for extreme realism and detailed oil painting?
Jan van Eyck
Which intellectual movement emphasized human potential, ability, and achievement?
Humanism
What was the document Luther posted in 1517 protesting indulgences?
The 95 Theses
Which reformer led Geneva and preached the idea of predestination?
John Calvin
Which Catholic order did St. Ignatius of Loyola found during the Counter-Reformation?
The Jesuits
Which Greek-born artist worked in Spain and became known for emotional, dramatic color?
El Greco
Which Renaissance thinker criticized Church corruption in In Praise of Folly?
Erasmus
At which meeting was Martin Luther declared an outlaw for refusing to recant?
The Edict of Worms
Which reformer removed images, relics, and music from churches during his reforms?
Zwingli
Which major Church meeting addressed corruption and clearly defined Catholic doctrine?
The Council of Trent
What Renaissance movement revived the balance, harmony, and realism of ancient Greece and Rome?
Classicism
What term describes the Renaissance shift toward worldly, nonreligious themes in art and writing?
Secularism
Which Lutheran belief argued that salvation could not be earned by good works, payments, or indulgences, but depended on a person’s trust in God?
Salvation through faith alone
What law made King Henry VIII the head of the Church of England?
Act of Supremacy
What Church practice did Luther criticize because people could pay for forgiveness?
Indulgences
Which architect designed the massive dome in Florence, symbolizing the return of classical engineering?
Brunelleschi
Why did Erasmus influence the Protestant Reformation even though he remained a Catholic?
He criticized corruption and encouraged a Scripture-centered Christianity.
What important action did Martin Luther take to make Scripture more accessible to everyday people in Germany?
He translated the Bible into German.
Why did King Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church originally?
The Pope refused to grant him an annulment.
What was the primary strategy the Jesuits used to strengthen Catholicism?
Education and missionary work
Which Renaissance invention greatly increased the spread of artistic styles and ideas by making books, illustrations, and knowledge widely accessible across Europe?
The Gutenberg printing press
Which Renaissance idea encouraged people to study classical and biblical texts independently instead of relying only on Church interpretation?
Independent/critical reading of texts (humanist scholarship)
Which agreement allowed German rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Catholicism for their state?
Peace of Augsburg
Why was Thomas More executed during the English Reformation?
He refused to accept Henry VIII as head of the Church.
Why did the Catholic Church launch the Counter-Reformation during the 1500s?
To respond to the spread of Protestantism, address corruption and abuses in the Church, and clearly reaffirm Catholic beliefs.