Clinical Manifestations
This is known as a difficulty in starting urine stream, a delay between initiation of urination & diminished urinary stream
What is Hesitancy
A decreased volume of circulating blood in the body due to hemorrhage, dehydration,excessive diuresis and burns are a contributing factor to AKI
What is hypovolemia
This disease is diagnosed utilizing a dipstick urinalysis to identify the presence of nitrites (indicating bacteriuria), white blood cells (WBCs), and leukocyte esterase (an enzyme present in WBCs, indicating pyuria)
What is a UTI
Habitual delay of urination (“nurse's bladder,” “teacher's bladder”) is a common cause of
What is Urinary Tract infection
During the renal assessment of the patient, it is important to note if the patient is taking medications that can be considered
What is nephrotoxic
Painful or difficult urination
What is Dysuria
Hypertension and diabetes are the leading cause
What is CKD
To diagnose this disease, a dipstick evaluation of protein in the urine or evaluation for albuminuria, which is not detected with routine urinalysis.
What is Chronic Kidney Disease
Viral infections such as HIV or hepatitis B often place patients at risk for
What is Glomerulonephritis
The nurse may note the following symptoms during her assessment of the elderly patient: an absence of dysuria, loss of appetite, altered mental status if the patient is suffering from
What is a UTI
This term is used for the sharp, severe pain, which results from the stretching, dilation, and spasm of the ureter in response to the obstructing stone.
What is renal colic
The most common pathogen causing a UTI
What is Escherichia coli (E. coli)
A noncontrast helical (spiral) CT scan is commonly used in patients as it is quick and noninvasive and requires no IV contrast in order to diagnose what disease process
What are urinary calculi?
Excessive amounts of tea or fruit juices that elevate urinary oxalate level; large intake of calcium and oxalate, low fluid intake that increases urinary concentration, sedentary occupation, and immobility are all risk factors for
What are urinary tract calculi
The nurse notes the patient has a reduction in urine output to less than 400 mL/day, the patient is considered to be
What is oliguric?
This is a reduction in urine output to less than 400 mL/day.
What is oliguria
Often common in women with relaxed pelvic floor musculature due to from delivery, use of instrumentation during vaginal delivery, or multiple pregnancies
What is Stress Incontinence
The preferred way for obtaining a urine culture in most circumstances when diagnosing a UTI
What is a clean catch urine sample?
A decrease in circulating blood volume causing a reduction in renal blood flow can cause which stage of AKI
What is pre-renal
This is a serious electrolyte disorder associated with kidney failure. Fatal dysrhythmias have been reported when the level reaches 7 to 8 mEq/L
What is hyperkalemia
A decrease in production of this hormone by the kidneys causes anemia in CKD
What is erythropoietin
This is caused by uncontrolled contraction or overactive detrusor muscle.
What is Urge Incontinence
CKD has been defined as either the presence of kidney damage or a decreased
What is GFR
Scrupulous aseptic technique is mandatory when a urinary catheter is inserted to prevent
What is CAUTI
This develops as a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism caused by progressive deterioration in kidney function
What is CKD mineral and bone disorder?